Liposoluble compounds from Ganoderma lipsiense grown on solid red rice medium with antiparasitic and antibacterial properties

Abstract

Liposoluble molecules are a group of compounds that display potent biological and therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to identify liposoluble molecules produced by Ganoderma lipsiense grown in red rice medium using solid‐state fermentation (SSF) techniques, and to investigate the antigiardial and antibacterial activities potential of extracts in vitro. Eighteen fatty acids and derivatives were identified by gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis in G. lipsense extract. Qualitative (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance) characterizations identified the steroid ergosta‐6,22‐diene‐3β,5α,8α‐triol in purified hexane subfraction (HEXsf) F19 isolated from hexane fraction (HEXf) of crude extract (CE). Ergosta‐6,22‐diene‐3β,5α,8α‐triol exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Giardia duodenalis throphozoites (93.6%) in in vitro assays. CE and HEXf inhibited 95.38% and 92.74% of the G. duodenalis throphozoites in 100 µg mL−1, whereas CE and their fractions dichloromethane (DCMf) and ethyl acetate (EAf) showed antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at 500 µg mL−1. Importantly, some liposoluble compounds produced and identified in G. lipsiense are unpublished for this species. This is first report for the production of ergosta‐6,22‐diene‐3β,5α,8α‐triol by G. lipsiense and its antiparasitic activity.

Biological activities and chemical profile of Hericium erinaceus mycelium cultivated on mixed red and white jasmine rice

“…Nonanoic acid has been found in Laetiporus sulphureus mushroom as antimicrobial against Micrococcus flavus and P. aeruginosa (Petrović et al, 2013). Bactericidal 2-dodecen-1-yl(-) succinic anhydride has been identified in Agaricus bisporus mushroom and endophytic fungi Fusarium fujikuroi and Aspergillus tubingensis (Nisa et al, 2020;Mohamed, 2012) while linoleic acid ethyl ester has also been reported in Ganoderma lipsiense mushroom grown on red rice as effective antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (Costa et al, 2020).…”

“…Solid-state cultivation or solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a technique that involves the growth of microorganisms on moist solid substrates in the absence of free-flowing water (Wang et al, 2012). SSF is suitable for the daily formation of a number of compounds because it mimics the natural habitat of filamentous fungi (Costa et al, 2020). A well-known example is the application of SSF in production of "Anka" from Monascusfermented rice with antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties (Wang et al, 2012).…”

The Phytochemistry of Ganoderma Species and their Medicinal Potentials

“…Extracts and fractions of Ganoderma have mainly poor or lack of activity. Regardless of the Ganoderma species, the MIC values for extracts most often range from 500 μg/ml to even 512 mg/ml (Sa-Ard et al, 2015;El Zawawy and Ali, 2016;Ergun, 2017;Costa et al, 2020;Savin et al, 2020;Serrano-Márquez et al, 2021). For single strains, incl.…”

Structure and Biological Activity of Ergostane-Type Steroids from Fungi

“…As mentioned above, many ergostane steroids are found in both mushrooms and plants. In particular, this applies to triol 73 found in various fungal species [ 101 , 103 , 105 , 235 ]. Among sixty-three compounds isolated from bamboo Sinocalamus affinis and studied as inhibitors of estrogen biosynthesis, triol 73 showed the highest activity with an IC 50 value of 0.5 μM [ 241 ].…”