This study is designed to validate 10 Power Distance indicators identified from previous research on cultural dimensions to establish a measurement for determining a country's national political freedom represented on Web content and interface design. Two coders performed content analysis on 156 college/university Web sites selected from 39 countries. One-way analysis of variance was applied to analyze each of the proposed 10 indicators to detect statistical significant differences among means of the three freedom groups (free-country group, partly-free-country group, and not-free-country group). The results indicated that 6 of the 10 proposed indicators could be used to measure a country's national political freedom on Web interface design. The seventh indicator, symmetric layout, demonstrated a negative correlation between the freedom level and the Web representation of Power Distance. The last three proposed indicators failed to show any significant differences among the treatment means, and there are no clear trend patterns for the treatment means of the three freedom groups. By examining national political freedom represented on Web pages, this study not only provides an insight into cultural dimensions and Web interface design but also advances our knowledge in sociological and cultural studies of the Web.
IntroductionWith the rapid increase of global communication and economic exchange on the Internet, various regions and communities across the globe are now linked together using this technology. The Internet has become one of the most important vehicles of communication through which we express our opinions and thoughts. A Web page, especially the home page, is one of the most popular means for an organization or a business entity to disseminate its information to the public. It also has become the most important channel through which the organization establishes its own existence and value. As a result, the Web page has grown to be one of the most dependable resources for information-seeking endeavors.As computer-based communication has taken its lead in global information exchange, Web developers and researchers have become aware of the inevitable impact of local culture traits on user interface design. In fact, Web interfaces not only reflect the linguistic aspects (e.g., language, date and time formats) of the country but also represent the culture characteristics (e.g., values, morals, and ethics) of the norm (Ford & Gelderblom, 2003). Therefore, it has become necessary to identify fundamental international cultural dimensions with which local cultural characteristics can be analyzed and compared. In this way, Web designers and analysts are able to design user interfaces in such a way that the Web site coordinates with local cultures to achieve its optimal effects.In response, several cultural models have been developed in culture studies during the past decade (E.T. Hall & Hall, 1989;Hofstede, 2001;Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005;Hoft, 1996;Stewart & Bennett, 1991; Trompenaars & HampdenTurner, 1998). Amon...