Liposomes as carriers of enzymes or drugs: a new approach to the treatment of storage diseases

Abstract

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY medium nor by the liver. The experiments with amyloglucosidase showed no difference in glycogen concentration in the liver nor in glucose release into the medium when compared with control perfusions. Nevertheless there was penetration of liver tissue by circulating amyloglucosidase during perfusion corresponding to 0.03-0.4mg of enzyme/g wet wt. of liver (corrected for endogenous glucosidase activity). The concentration in liver was never greater than that in the medium. When amyloglucosidase was administered intravenously to intact rats, a major proportion of the enzyme found in the liver was identified in a mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction prepared by the procedure of Lloyd (1969a), confirming the results of Lloyd (1969b). After perfusion with amyloglucosidase increased glucosidase activity was also associated with a mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction. Although penetration of liver lysosomes by amyloglucosidase apparently occurred during perfusion under the present conditions, the extent of this process was less than in vivo. This may be due to the absence of cofactors or to lysosomal damage in the isolated liver. Attempts to separate hepatocytes from Kupffer cells in an effort to identify the involvement of each in enzyme uptake in vivo have been made. We are grateful to the Wellcome Trust for financial support and to Professor Sir Ernst Chain for the use of departmental facilities.

Development of Vaccine Adjuvants: A Historical Perspective

“…As noted previously, liposomes adopted as carriers for a variety of molecules [99,100] were shown to be effective as carriers of antigen and adjuvant compounds [101,102]. An extensive amount of work was completed in the 1980s and 1990s in a quest to optimize the adjuvant effects of liposomes.…”

“…Liposomes adopted as carriers for a variety of molecules [99,100] were shown to be adjuvants as carriers of antigen and adjuvant agonists [101,102]. An alternative approach to targeting phagocytic cells, use of very slowly biodegradable methacrylate polymer nanospheres, was introduced by Kreuter and co-workers [103,104].…”

Drug Delivery Systems: Possibilities and Challenges

“…19 Work from pioneers such as Gregoriadis, established how liposomes could enclose drugs to be used as DDS. 20,21 Others demonstrated that liposomes have the ability to change the in vivo distribution of entrapped drugs. 22 Many advances made during the late 1980s and early 1990s set the foundation to overcome many of the early challenges.…”

Nanotechnology Advances in Drug Delivery

“…The name still survives and has been counted in almost 40,000 publications in PubMed. The pioneering work of liposome researchers (Alec Bangham, Gregory Gregoriadis, Vladimir Torchilin, Demetrios Papahadjopoulos), at the early 1970s, established the concept of liposomes as drug delivery systems by demonstrating their ability to entrap drugs [6,7]. Their work, although is often forgotten, led to important technical advances for the development of liposome delivery systems, such as self-assembling, homogenization via extrusion, PEGylation for stability enhancement, active targeting by conjugating receptor antibodies, peptides or small cell ligands to the drug carrier.…”