Lipoteichoic Acid Partially Contributes to the Inflammatory Responses to Enterococcus faecalis

Baik, Jung Eun; Ryu, Young‐Hee; Han, Ji Young; Im, Jino; Kum, Kee‐Yeon; Yun, Cheol‐Heui; Lee, Kangseok; Han, Seung Hyun

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2008.05.005

Cited by 84 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Thus, bacteria contain considerable amounts of membrane components not present in the model liposomes, notably LPS in Gram-negative bacteria and LTA in Gram-positive bacteria (30,31). These are highly anionic polyelectrolytes containing also hydrophobic domains, and display very high binding capacity of WFF25, but considerably smaller for the less amphiphilic GKY25 and GKY25d (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of linear amphiphilicity on membrane interactions of C-terminal thrombin peptides

et al. 2014

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Link to publicationCitation for published version (APA): Singh, S., Papareddy, P., Kalle, M., Schmidtchen, A., & Malmsten, M. (2014). Effects of linear amphiphilicity on membrane interactions of C-terminal thrombin peptides. RSC Advances, 4(71), 37582-37591. DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05420bGeneral rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal AbstractEffects of linear amphiphilicity on membrane interactions of antimicrobial peptides were investigated by ellipsometry, dual polarization interferometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, light scattering, and circular dichroism. In doing so, the thrombinderived GKY25 (GKYGFYTHVFRLKKWIQKVIDQFGE) was compared to WFF25(WFFFYYLIIGGGVVTHQQRKKKKDE) of identical composition, but with amino acids sorted according to hydrophobicity, the latter peptide thus displaying pronounced linear amphiphilicity. In addition, GKY25dwith identical sequence but with selected D-amino acid substitutions) was included as a control peptide, for which conformationally induced (helix-related) amphiphilicity was suppressed. Through its pronounced linear amphiphilicity, WFF25, but not the less amphiphilic GKY25 and GKY25d, forms aggregates in solution. Through its terminal W/F stretch, WFF25 also displays pronounced selectivity, with higher membrane binding and liposome rupture than GKY25 and GKY25d for anionic membranes, but suppressed peptide insertion and lytic effects for zwitterionic ones. In addition, WFF25 binds extensively to anionic polyelectrolyte components in bacterial membranes, i.e., lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid, resulting in reduced antimicrobial effects through peptide scavenging, not seen for the less amphiphilic GKY25 and GKY25d peptides. Taken together, the results thus demonstrate a series of striking effects for highly amphiphilic peptides, which need to be recognized in the development of such compounds as potential peptide therapeutics.3

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of linear amphiphilicity on membrane interactions of C-terminal thrombin peptides

et al. 2014

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“…The LTA of E. faecalis is known to stimulate TNF-␣ production via TLR-2. Although it is not fully understood, TNF-␣ is thought to play a key role in E. faecalis-mediated inflammatory responses (3,26). A study involving Enterococcus faecium, which produces LTA that is serologically identical to that of E. faecalis, showed that TLR-2-mediated signaling was critical for early immune response and clearance of E. faecium (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcus faecalis Capsular Polysaccharide Serotypes C and D and Their Contributions to Host Innate Immune Evasion

et al. 2009

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It has become increasingly difficult to treat infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis due to its high levels of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms that E. faecalis employs to circumvent the host innate immune response and establish infection. Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors that are associated with innate immune evasion. We demonstrate, using cultured macrophages (RAW 264.7), that capsule-producing E. faecalis strains of either serotype C or D are more resistant to complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis than unencapsulated strains. We show that differences in opsonophagocytosis are not due to variations in C3 deposition but are due to the ability of capsule to mask bound C3 from detection on the surface of E. faecalis. Similarly, E. faecalis capsule masks lipoteichoic acid from detection, which correlates with decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha production by cultured macrophages in the presence of encapsulated strains compared to that in the presence of unencapsulated strains. Our studies confirm the important role of the capsule as a virulence factor of E. faecalis and provide several mechanisms by which the presence of the capsule influences evasion of the innate immune response and suggest that the capsule could be a potential target for developing alternative therapies to treat E. faecalis infections.

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“…CHO/CD14/TLR4, an NF-B reporter cell line co-expressing TLR4 and CD14, was kindly provided by Dr. Douglas Golenbock (Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA) and used for analyzing the ability of AaLPS to activate TLR4 as described previously (Baik et al, 2008).…”

Section: Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipopolysaccharide of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces the expression of chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1α, and IP-10 via similar but distinct signaling pathways in murine macrophages

et al. 2015

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Lipoteichoic Acid Partially Contributes to the Inflammatory Responses to Enterococcus faecalis

Cited by 84 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of linear amphiphilicity on membrane interactions of C-terminal thrombin peptides

Effects of linear amphiphilicity on membrane interactions of C-terminal thrombin peptides

Enterococcus faecalis Capsular Polysaccharide Serotypes C and D and Their Contributions to Host Innate Immune Evasion

Lipopolysaccharide of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces the expression of chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1α, and IP-10 via similar but distinct signaling pathways in murine macrophages

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