Lipoxygenase activity associated to isolated soybean plasma membranes

Macrı̀, Francesco; Braidot, Enrico; Petrussa, Elisa; Vianello, Angelo

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(94)90098-1

Cited by 75 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Data are representative of three independent experiments. peroxidase activity were up-regulated, from 24 h to at least 72 h after elicitation, whereas no such activation was observed in gametophytes pretreated with n-PG or salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), another nonspecific inhibitor of LOXs (Macri et al, 1994) nor in the unchallenged gametophytes (Fig. 4A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Innate Immunity of a Marine Red Alga Involves Oxylipins from Both the Eicosanoid and Octadecanoid Pathways

Bouarab

Adas²,

Gaquerel³

et al. 2004

Plant Physiology

145

117

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The oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, known as oxylipins, are pivotal signaling molecules in animals and terrestrial plants. In animal systems, eicosanoids regulate cell differentiation, immune responses, and homeostasis. In contrast, terrestrial plants use derivatives of C18 and C16 fatty acids as developmental or defense hormones. Marine algae have emerged early in the evolution of eukaryotes as several distinct phyla, independent from the animal and green-plant lineages. The occurrence of oxylipins of the eicosanoid family is well documented in marine red algae, but their biological roles remain an enigma. Here we address the hypothesis that they are involved with the defense mechanisms of the red alga Chondrus crispus. By investigating its association with a green algal endophyte Acrochaete operculata, which becomes invasive in the diploid generation of this red alga, we showed that (1) when challenged by pathogen extracts, the resistant haploid phase of C. crispus produced both C20 and C18 oxylipins, (2) elicitation with pathogen extracts or methyl jasmonate activated the metabolism of C20 and C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids to generate hydroperoxides and cyclopentenones such as prostaglandins and jasmonates, and (3) C20 and C18 hydroperoxides as well as methyl jasmonate did induce shikimate dehydrogenase and Phe ammonialyase activities in C. crispus and conferred an induced resistance to the diploid phase, while inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation reduced the natural resistance of the haploid generation. The dual nature of oxylipin metabolism in this alga suggests that early eukaryotes featured both animal-(eicosanoids) and plant-like (octadecanoids) oxylipins as essential components of innate immunity mechanisms.Signaling cascades involving compounds derived from the oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to operate in response to external stimuli in both terrestrial plants and animals. In animal systems, eicosanoids, i.e. hydroperoxides derived from C20 PUFAs, regulate cell differentiation, immune responses, and homeostasis (Funk, 2001). In contrast, terrestrial plants use derivatives of C18 (octadecanoids) and C16 (hexadecanoids) fatty acids as developmental or defense hormones (Weber, 2002). The biosynthesis of these so-called oxylipins involves lipoxygenases (LOXs), which are multifunctional enzymes that catalyze the oxygenation of PUFAs into hydroperoxy derivatives, then on to other secondary products (Funk, 2001;Howe and Schilmiller, 2002). In terrestrial higher plants, this leads to the synthesis of the cyclopentenone jasmonic acid (JA), a key defense hormone described in a variety of crops or cell cultures (Heitz et al., 1997;Ishiguro et al., 2001;Seo et al., 2001;Turner et al., 2002). In animals, an alternative pathway involving cyclooxygenases also leads to the synthesis of important hormones with a cyclopentenone structure, known as prostaglandins (Funk, 2001). Another pathway derived from phospholipase-released arachidonic acid, involving 5-LOX, generates oth...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Innate Immunity of a Marine Red Alga Involves Oxylipins from Both the Eicosanoid and Octadecanoid Pathways

Bouarab

Adas²,

Gaquerel³

et al. 2004

Plant Physiology

145

117

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“…However, CHX itself already strongly activates the lipoxygenase in the absence of elicitors. In light of our ®ndings about the activation of an oxidative burst by CHX we assume that the generated ROS lead to the activation of the lipoxygenase as this activation mechansim is well known (Macri et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of alkalinization and an oxidative burst by low doses of cycloheximide in soybean cells

Tenhaken

Rübel

1998

Planta

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Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Cell-suspension cultures inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea bacteria generated a sustained oxidative burst 3±6 h after the infection. The H 2 O 2 production was not dependent on protein biosynthesis but, surprisingly, cycloheximide itself was a very strong inducer of the oxidative burst and of the alkalinization measured in the cell culture medium. Both responses were activated in a very similar manner by inhibitors of protein phosphatases, implicating a phosphorylation change evoked by cycloheximide as a trigger for the elicitation. The activation of the oxidative burst was totally blocked by the kinase inhibitor K252a. The alkalinization response preceded the oxidative burst. The generation of H 2 O 2 depleted the medium of H but the expected alkalinization of about one pH-unit did not occur. The H 2 O 2 production by the plasma membrane oxidase must therefore be charge-compensated, likely via H -channel activity.Abbreviations: CHX = cycloheximide; DPI = diphenylene iodonium chloride; HR = hypersensitive response; PP2A = protein phosphatase 2A; ROS = reactive oxygen species Correspondence to: R. Tenhaken;

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“…Although most plant lipoxygenases are predominantly cytosolic, soluble enzymes, others have been shown in vacuoles, mitochondria, and the plasma membrane (Siedow, 1991;Tranbarger et al, 1991;Macri et al, 1994). Microsomal and chloroplastic membrane-associated and soluble lipoxygenase isoforms from unripe tomato fruits have been characterized (Todd et al, 1990;Bowsher et al, 1992;Droillard et al, 1993;Ferrie et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning of a Ripening-Specific Lipoxygenase and Its Expression during Wild-Type and Mutant Tomato Fruit Development

Kausch

Handa

1997

Plant Physiology

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A 94-kD protein that accumulates predominately in tomato (Lycopersicon esculenfum) fruit during ripening was purified, and antibodies specific for the purified protein were used to isolate cDNA clones from a red-ripe fruit cDNA library. A sequence analysis of these cDNAs and cross-reactivity of the 94-kD-specific antibodies to the soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) L-1, L-2, and L-3 proteins and soybean LOX L-l-specific antibodies to the 94-kD protein identified it as a member of the LOX gene family. Maximum levels of the 94-kD LOX mRNA and protein are present in breaker to ripe and red-ripe stages, respectively. Expression of 94-kD LOX in different tissues from mature green and red-ripe tomato fruits was found to be greatest in the radial walls of ripe fruit, but immunocytolocalization using tissue printing suggests that the highest accumulation of its protein occurs in locular jelly. None of 94-kD LOX is expressed in nonripening mutant fruits of any age. Never-ripe mutant fruit accumulate the 94-kD LOX mRNA to levels similar to those obtained in wild-type fruit, but fail to accumulate the 94-kD LOX protein. Collectively, the results show that expression of 94-kD LOX is regulated by the ripening process, and ethylene may play a role in its protein accumulation.

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Lipoxygenase activity associated to isolated soybean plasma membranes

Cited by 75 publications

References 39 publications

The Innate Immunity of a Marine Red Alga Involves Oxylipins from Both the Eicosanoid and Octadecanoid Pathways

The Innate Immunity of a Marine Red Alga Involves Oxylipins from Both the Eicosanoid and Octadecanoid Pathways

Induction of alkalinization and an oxidative burst by low doses of cycloheximide in soybean cells

Molecular Cloning of a Ripening-Specific Lipoxygenase and Its Expression during Wild-Type and Mutant Tomato Fruit Development

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