LIPS spectroscopy for the contamination analysis and laser cleaning diagnostics of historical paper documents

Discrimination between authentic and false tax stamps from liquor bottles using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometrics

“…Most publications have reported LIBS applications for the discrimination of paper types and inks [16][17][18], the identification of pigments and contaminants in historical documents [19][20][21], and in distribution and depth profile studies (of pigments, organic binders, and coat weight) of paper coatings [22][23][24]. Other specific publications include optimization studies related to the drying conditions [25] or the manufacturing process [26] of paper.…”

Spectrometric Measurement of Plasma Parameters Utilizing the Target Ambient Gas O I & N I Atomic Lines in LIBS Experiment

“…Different fields of applications were already established e.g. elemental analysis [2][3][4], the quality of steel manufacturing [5], characterization of jewellery products [6,7], in soil studies [8,9], pulsed laser thin film deposition [10,11], the quality of pharmaceutical products [12], cleaning [13], culture heritage (cleaning of old papers, wood preservers, old paintings) [14][15][16] and in situ planetary exploration [17].…”

Observation of the Laser Cleaning Effect on the Gotland Sandstone Elemental Composition

“…This rapid, noncontact process results from conversion of an initial photoexcitation into kinetic energy of particle motion, leading to ejection of atoms, ions, molecules, clusters, and aggregates from the irradiated surface [1][2][3]. Since 1972 successful applications of laser cleaning to various historical objects such as wall, oil and tempera paintings [4,5], documents made on paper or parchment [6], photographs, sculptures and architectural details [7,8], and stained-glass windows [9] have been reported. Most of the experimental data collected so far indicate that laser cleaning represent a useful and efficient technique allowing one to execute difficult, often unique restoration tasks.…”