Liquefaction characteristics of sand-gravel mixtures: Experimental observations and its assessment based on intergranular state concept

Pokhrel, Abilash; Chiaro, Gabriele; Kiyota, Takashi; Cubrinovski, Misko

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101444

Soils and Foundations

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101444

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Liquefaction characteristics of sand-gravel mixtures: Experimental observations and its assessment based on intergranular state concept

Abilash Pokhrel,

Gabriele Chiaro,

Takashi Kiyota

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

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Liquefaction evaluation on sand-like gravelly soil deposits based on field Vs measurements during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Xia,

Zhou,

Chen

et al. 2024

Engineering Geology

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Liquefaction evaluation on sand-like gravelly soil deposits based on field Vs measurements during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Xia,

Zhou,

Chen

et al. 2024

Engineering Geology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experimental study on the seismic behavior of tunnels with distinct surface roughness in liquefiable soils

Fan,

Yuan,

Cudmani

et al. 2025

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

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Pore Water Pressure Generation and Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Sand–Gravel Mixtures Subjected to Cyclic Loading

Pokhrel,

Chiaro

2024

Geotechnics

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At least 32 case histories have shown that liquefaction can occur in gravelly soils (both natural deposits and manmade reclamations) during severe earthquakes, causing large ground deformations and severe damage to civil infrastructures. Gravelly soils, however, pose major challenges in geotechnical earthquake engineering in terms of assessing their deformation characteristics and potential for liquefaction. In this study, aimed at providing valuable insights into this important topic, a series of isotropically consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial tests were carried out on selected sand–gravel mixtures (SGMs) with varying degrees of gravel content (Gc) and relative density (Dr). The pore water pressure generation and liquefaction resistance were examined and then further scrutinized using an energy-based method (EBM) for liquefaction assessment. It is shown that the rate of pore water pressure development is influenced by the cyclic resistance ratio (CSR), Gc and Dr of SGMs. However, a unique correlation exists between the pore water pressure ratio and cumulative normalized dissipated energy during liquefaction. Furthermore, the cumulative normalized energy is a promising parameter to describe the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of gravelly soils at various post-liquefaction axial strain levels, considering the combined effects of Gc and Dr on the liquefaction resistance.

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Liquefaction characteristics of sand-gravel mixtures: Experimental observations and its assessment based on intergranular state concept

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Liquefaction evaluation on sand-like gravelly soil deposits based on field Vs measurements during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Liquefaction evaluation on sand-like gravelly soil deposits based on field Vs measurements during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Experimental study on the seismic behavior of tunnels with distinct surface roughness in liquefiable soils

Pore Water Pressure Generation and Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Sand–Gravel Mixtures Subjected to Cyclic Loading

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