Liquefaction induced displacement and rotation of structures with wide basements

Abstract

Earthquake induced liquefaction can cause structures with shallow foundations to experience large settlement and rotation, and can cause subsurface structures to uplift. The performance of structures with basements, which intuitively combine these two problems, is not understood. In this paper, data from three dynamic centrifuge tests on structures with wide basements are examined. The ratio of upward to downward vertical forces was varied, and a symmetric and asymmetric superstructure was tested. Digital image correlation was used to capture the soil displacements, providing novel insight into the co-seismic soil-structure interaction. The inclusion of wide basements was shown to reduce the overall settlement of structures by providing an increased uplift force during the liquefied period. For symmetric structures, symmetric soil displacements occurred around the basement during consecutive half-cycles of sinusoidal shaking, resulting in negligible accumulation of rotation. In contrast, significant rotation was accumulated for an asymmetric structure as a result of the P − δ effect due to the eccentric mass.

Rainfall- and Irrigation-Induced Landslide Mechanisms in Loess Slopes: An Experimental Investigation in Lanzhou, China

“…Landslides represent a significant natural hazard, and the progressive disaster mode of shallow landslides poses considerable risks to human life and properties [1,2]. Landslides are triggered by various factors, including seismic activity, rainfall, and irrigation, among others [3][4][5][6][7]. Earthquake-induced landslides, in particular, are typically rapid events, offering little to no time for survival [8,9] Rainfall-induced landslides, on the other hand, are a global phenomenon [10,11].…”

Study on the landslide mechanism of the loess slopes induced by rainfall

“…There are many factors resulting in landslides, such as earthquakes, rainfall, irrigation and etc (Collins and Znidarcic 2004;Rahardjo et al 2005;Zhang et al 2009;Dai 2011, 2012;Wen and He 2012;Bilham and Bali 2013;Garciaurquia 2016;Xu et al 2016;Hughes and Madabhushi, 2019;Karakan et al 2019;Tasiopoulou et al 2019). It is a rapidly occurring disaster for the huge landslide induced by earthquake, so that people have no or a little time to survive (Yan et al 2015;Robinson et al 2016).…”

Empirical damage and liquefaction fragility curves from 2012 Emilia earthquake data

“…The effects of liquefaction on the buildings in these areas were catastrophic, with rotations of entire structural complexes leading to a loss of functionality and operative state (Chiaradonna et al, 2019; Cubrinovski, 2013; Fioravante et al, 2013; Tokimatsu et al, 1996; Yoshida et al, 2001). Consequently, a great effort was made to understand building movements on shallow foundations using centrifuge testing and numerical modeling (Adamidis and Madabhushi, 2018; Allmond et al, 2015; Balakrishnan and Kutter, 1999; Bouckovalas et al, 2015; Bray and Dashti, 2014; Hayden et al, 2015; Hughes and Madabhushi, 2019; Karamitros et al, 2013; Kutter et al, 2004). In detail, Dashti and Bray (2013) individualized possible liquefaction-induced displacement mechanisms in three different typologies: (a) volumetric strains caused by water flow in response to transient gradients, (b) partial bearing failure due to soil softening, and (c) soil–structure–interaction-induced building ratcheting during earthquake loading.…”