Liquefaction Potential Index: Field Assessment

Toprak, Selçuk; Holzer, Thomas L.

doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2003)129:4(315)

Cited by 191 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Toprak and Holzer (2003) found that during the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, the median value of LPI for soundings where sand boils occurred was 5, and 25 percent of soundings that showed sand boils had LPI greater than 10. The median value of LPI for soundings where lateral spreading occurred was 12, with 25 percent of soundings that showed lateral spreading having LPI greater than 17.…”

Section: Methods Of Calculation Of Factor Of Safety and Liquefaction Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction hazard for the region of Evansville, Indiana

Haase¹,

Choi²,

Nowack³

et al. 2011

Open-File Report

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Section: Methods Of Calculation Of Factor Of Safety and Liquefaction Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction hazard for the region of Evansville, Indiana

Haase¹,

Choi²,

Nowack³

et al. 2011

Open-File Report

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“…Bununla birlikte yapılan çalışmada kumlar ve siltli zeminler I c =2.6 değeri ile killerden ayrılmakta ve bu değerin üstündeki zeminler çok fazla oranda kil içerdiğinden dolayı sıvılaşmaz kabul edilmektedir. Ayrıca Sıvılaşma Potansiyeli İndeksine (LPI) göre yapılan analizde de LPI' nın 15' den büyük çıkması durumunda ortamın sıvılaşma açısından riskli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır [18]. Şekil 5' de yapılmış sıvılaşma analizine göre söz konusu inceleme alanında sıvılaşmanın mümkün ve olası olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.…”

Section: Sıvılaşma Analiziunclassified

The Determination of Ground Properties by the Cone Penetration Test

Bol¹,

Özocak²,

Sert³

2014

A P J Eng Sci

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ÖzetZeminlerin fiziksel, mekanik ve hidrolik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi Geoteknik Mühendisliğinin en önemli konularının başında gelmektedir. Buna yönelik olarak uzun yıllardır sondajlı zemin incelemesinde sıkça uygulanan standart penetrasyon deneyinde (SPT); sonuçları etkileyen faktörlerin çokluğu, uygulama ve yorum yanlışlıkları, bunun yanında tüp içine alınan ve örselenmemiş tabir edilen numunelerin laboratuvar denemelerinde doğal durumundan büyük oranda farklı durumda olduğu gerçeği, diğer arazi deneylerinde gelişmelere neden oluşturur. Gelişen teknoloji sayesinde boşluk suyu basınçlarını da ölçebilen Arazi Koni Penetrasyon Deneyi (PCPT) ile zeminlerin çeşitli özelliklerini artık kesintisiz olarak belirlemek mümkün olmuştur. Koni penetrasyon deneyi, insan müdahalesi olmadan yapılan sürekli ölçüm sayesinde zemin profilinin ayrıntılı ve gerçeğe en yakın şekilde elde edilmesine olanak vermektedir. Deney; kısa zamanda istenilen sayıda tekrarlanabilmekte, zemin parametreleri numune alınmasına ve laboratuvar çalışmasına gerek duyulmadan elde edilebilmekte, ayrıca deneyin yapılmasının ve sonuçların yorumlanmasının diğer yöntemlere göre daha az zaman alması, işgücü ve maliyet açısından avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada deneyin özellikleri yanında Adapazarı zeminlerinde yapılan 350'nin üzerindeki boşluk suyu basıncı ölçümlü koni penetrasyon deneylerinden seçilmiş örnek ile uygulama ve değerlendirme aşamaları anlatılmaktadır. AbstractDetermination of the physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties of soils is one of the most important tasks in geotechnical engineering. The conventional approach of drilling a borehole and attempting to procure undisturbed samples often present difficulties due to sample disturbance, in addition SPT procedures still have human and equipment based problems. So, some other alternative in-situ tests started to being widely used. The use of the cone penetration test for the determination of soil properties is a novel approach to soil investigation because of its speed and requiring minimum human intervention on the readouts. Today, the standard penetration test, a long time favourite is full of pitfalls in implementation and interpretation whereas the CPT with pore pressure measurements has been used increasingly in respect to improving technology to determine some other parameters (ie: chemical properties of water, electrical resistivity, pH, temperature) in addition to geotechnical properties of soils and detecting soil stratigraphy. This paper describes the advantages of the CPT through the results obtained in the city of and Adapazarı during the past fourteen years.

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“…Iwasaki et al (1982) identified that liquefaction effects are moderate for 5 < LPI < 15 and major for LPI > 15. Toprak and Holzer (2003) reported that sand boils occur for LPI ≥ 5 and lateral spreads occur for LPI ≥ 12. Juang et al (2005) studied the effects of liquefaction on the damage of ground surface near foundations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Juang et al (2005) studied the effects of liquefaction on the damage of ground surface near foundations. LPI shows a clear picture of liquefaction severity during seismic events, and LPI ≥ 5 is generally considered as a threshold for the surface manifestation of liquefaction (Iwasaki et al, 1982;Toprak and Holzer, 2003;Holzer et al, 2006). Sonmez (2003) categorized the sites with LPI = 0 as not likely to liquefy and categorized the sites with 0 < LPI < 2, 2 < LPI < 5, 5 < LPI < 15, and LPI > 15 as having low, moderate, high, and severe liquefaction susceptibility, respectively.İnce (2011) prepared liquefaction susceptibility microzonation map based on LPI for the earthquakes with probability of exceedance of 10 % in 50 yr. Dixit et al (2012) computed FS values for Mumbai city for the earthquakes with return period of 475-and 2475-yr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of liquefaction potential index for Mumbai city

Dixit

Dewaikar

Jangid

2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Mumbai city is the financial capital of India and is fifth most densely populated city in the world. Seismic soil liquefaction is evaluated for Mumbai city in terms of the factors of safety against liquefaction (FS) along the depths of soil profiles for different earthquakes with 2 % probability of exceedance in 50 yr using standard penetration test (SPT)-based simplified empirical procedure. This liquefaction potential is evaluated at 142 representative sites in the city using the borehole records from standard penetration tests. Liquefaction potential index (LPI) is evaluated at each borehole location from the obtained factors of safety (FS) to predict the potential of liquefaction to cause damage at the surface level at the site of interest. Spatial distribution of soil liquefaction potential is presented in the form of contour maps of LPI values. As the majority of the sites in the city are of reclaimed land, the vulnerability of liquefaction is observed to be very high at many places.

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Liquefaction Potential Index: Field Assessment

Cited by 191 publications

References 11 publications

Liquefaction hazard for the region of Evansville, Indiana

Liquefaction hazard for the region of Evansville, Indiana

The Determination of Ground Properties by the Cone Penetration Test

Assessment of liquefaction potential index for Mumbai city

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