Liquefaction reaction of coal

Reactivities of Di(1-naphthyl)methane and Hydrogenated Di(1-naphthyl)methanes toward Hydrocracking over Ni−S

“…It is noteworthy that different from DNM hydrocracking over FeS 2 or Fe-S, [22][23][24][25] in the presence of Ni-S small amounts of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene [DMN, m/z 156 (M + , 92), 141 (100), 128 (13), 127 (5)] and 1-methyl-4-(1-naphthylmethyl)naphthalene [MNMN, m/z 282 (M + , 96), 267 (100), 253 (15), 252 (28), 141 (16), 126 (12), 127 (7)] were detected as products from DNM hydrocracking. We consider that the reaction of 1-naphthylmethyl radical with 1-MN led to the formation of MNMN and the hydrocracking of the resulting MNMN Super-delocalizability (S r ), 31 a quantum-chemical index of the reactivities of unsaturated hydrocarbons toward radical, electrophilic, or nucleophilic reactions, has been used to interpret the differences in the reactivity among various diarylmethanes toward hydrogenolysis 21 and hydrocracking, 24 i.e., a carbon atom in an aromatic ring with a larger S r value accepts a hydrogen atom more readily.…”

“…7 Macromolecules in coal organic matter are considered to contain relatively smaller polycyclic aromatic and hydroaromatic rings as structural units connected by methylenic, ethylenic and ether linkages, 8-11 so cleaving these linkages can make the macromolecules depolymerization and subsequently lead to coal liquefaction. [12][13][14] Particularly, the cleavage of relatively stronger methylenic linkages could be expected to play an important role in coal liquefaction. [15][16][17] Therefore, diarylmethanes (DAMs) and their partially hydrogenated products should be some of the most relevant model compounds for studying structural effect on the reactivities of coals toward liquefaction.…”

“…Although noncovalent bonds, such as ionic linkages, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and π−π interactions, play an important role in coal structure, breaking the noncovalent bonds cannot result in coal liquefaction, since only small amounts of low-molecular-mass compounds exist in coals . Macromolecules in coal organic matter are considered to contain relatively smaller polycyclic aromatic and hydroaromatic rings as structural units connected by methylenic, ethylenic and ether linkages, − so cleaving these linkages can make the macromolecules depolymerization and subsequently lead to coal liquefaction. − Particularly, the cleavage of relatively stronger methylenic linkages could be expected to play an important role in coal liquefaction. − Therefore, diarylmethanes (DAMs) and their partially hydrogenated products should be some of the most relevant model compounds for studying structural effect on the reactivities of coals toward liquefaction.…”

Hydrocracking of Di(1-Naphthyl)methane over Acid Solid Catalyst

“…Many important processes of coal liquefaction, such as cracking, hydrocracking and reforming, are based on C-C bond cleavage reactions in hydrocarbons [1][2][3] . General commercial catalysts used for carrying out of these processes are effective above 400-500 o C [1,4] .…”