Liquefied natural gas flow in the insulation wall of a cargo containment system and its evaporation

Computational study of LNG evaporation and heat diffusion through a LNG cargo tank membrane

“…As shown in Bae et al (2007), for the enhancement of vaporization, injection of large amount of nitrogen with relatively high temperature (above the boiling point of LNG) can be helpful. Initially, the insulation box as well as the outlet was Table 3 Properties of glass wool (Bae et al, 2007;Lee et al 2011aLee et al , 2011bChoi et al, 2012). occupied by the nitrogen.…”

“…The fourth order polynomial functions are selected to assess the heat capacities of CH 4 and N 2 . The properties of glass wool were adopted from Choi et al (2012), Bae et al (2007) and Lee et al (2011aLee et al ( ), (2011b, and are shown in Table 3. temperature variation across the insulation box in Mark III system, which evidences that the numerical scheme used in the present study was sound.…”

“…Since the BOR is proportional to the heat transfer amount from ambient through cargo containment systems (CCS), the thermal properties and the structure of the CCS insulation system are important. Safety issues due to sloshing load have been vigorously investigated (Ito et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2011aLee et al, , 2011bHwang et al, 2012;Nho et al, 2012), because CCS can be damaged by various reasons including static/fatigue/dynamic loads and sloshing (Rhee, 2005;Vanem et al, 2008;Wang and Shin, 2009;Lee et al, 2013), which results in leakage of cryogenic LNG through the cracks. The leaked LNG can significantly weaken the strength of the inner plate of hull by yielding "cold spots" of which temperature is under the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature ( À 60 o C) by the heat exchange with the cryogenic fluid (Choi et al, 2012).…”

“…Choi et al (2012) performed numerical analysis on LNG leakage through Mark III insulation boxes with the experimentally measured thermal properties and Bae et al (2007) conducted comprehensive safety evaluation for Mark III LNG carriers. Kim and Lee (2008) and Lee et al (2011a), (2011b) investigated the leakage characteristics of LNG through the Mark III type composite secondary barriers. Most of the investigations were focused on Mark III.…”

Cryogenic impact resistance of chopped fiber reinforced polyurethane foam

“…The LNG ship contains a special cryogenic containment system (CCS), which is the core technology of the LNG ship, to store and transport the LNG at an extremely low temperature of À163°C under a pressure of 1.1 bar [10][11][12]. The functional requirements of the CCS are to maintain cryogenic reliability and a high thermal insulation performance for the safe and efficient transportation of LNG [13][14][15]. Recently, a membrane type of CCS has been generally used for the efficient transportation of LNG [16].…”