The lichens are knowlegde like bioindicators of the air quality, because have wide distribution, be long live, immobile, by lacking root and cuticle. The study presents the taxonomy, ecology and lichenography of the lichen Heterodermia leucomela (L.) Poelt, for its high potential as a bioindicator of air quality. The characters of lichen are: foliose biotype, gray and grows on moss; to live over the 200 to 3500 msnm. It is register for departaments of Ancash, Arequipa, Huanuco, Lima and La Libertad; and in Lima is report in the hill of Amancaes, Lachay, Lucumo, Lurin and Mangomarca.