“…For this study, we used a commercially available simulation tool, Expert LCD (Davan), 10 where the electric field is calculated by using the finite-difference method, the LC molecular orientation is computed based on the Oseen-Frank elastic continuum theory, 11 and the capacitance is calculated based on the field-induced energy. 12 In the simulation, the following parameters are used: K 11 = 11.2 pN, K 22 = 7.8 pN, K 33 = 19.8 pN, ε || = 11.8, ε ⊥ = 2.8, and γ 1 = 0.13 Pa-sec.…”