Liquid air/nitrogen energy storage and power generation system for micro-grid applications

Khalil, Khalil; Ahmad, Aqil; Mahmoud, Saad; Al-Dadah, Raya

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.236

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the rotating blades the flow enters at relative angle ( ) and velocity (w2); next the flow leaves the rotor blade at relative angle ( ) and velocity (w3). as pitch space to chord; aspect ratio (axial cord/blade height); and Reynolds number, as in Equations (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) and stated in [41]:-Where is the blade deflection angle and loss coefficient related to this deflection by the Horlock chart. [41];…”

Section: Preliminary Design By the Mean-line Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, there has been limited work published on the modeling and optimization of small-scale cryogenic turbines, which are key components of the output power cycle. The efficiency of small expanders is relatively low [14] schemes power recovery plant for nitrogen and air 63.27%, for scheme 2 is 84.15%…”

Section: Cascading Rankine Cycle Hybrid Open-rankine Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As can be seen from the previous review, all published work is related to cryogenic combined cycle's large-scale systems with a power rating of 2 to 20 MW and a high turbine pressure ratios (300 to 100) therefore achieving high-efficiency levels [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Cascading Rankine Cycle Hybrid Open-rankine Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigate a hybrid open-Rankine cycle small-scale axial nitrogen expander by a camber line control point parameterization optimization technique

Khalil

Mahmoud

Al-Dadah

et al. 2017

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Section: Preliminary Design By the Mean-line Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cascading Rankine Cycle Hybrid Open-rankine Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigate a hybrid open-Rankine cycle small-scale axial nitrogen expander by a camber line control point parameterization optimization technique

Khalil

Mahmoud

Al-Dadah

et al. 2017

Applied Thermal Engineering

Self Cite

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“…It can be concluded that when temperature and pressure increased, the distribution levels of nitrogen became significantly higher as shown in Table 4. There is a possibility of using nitrogen to generate electrical power instead of steam, or nitrogen could be combined with steam to drive the engine of the injection steam generating electrical power as well [42,85].…”

Section: Comparison Of Effectiveness and Properties Of Nitrogen And Steammentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Power Generation Using a Nitrogen Turbine Engine Instead of a Conventional Injection Steam Turbine Engine

et al. 2021

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An ever-increasing demand for electrical power and soaring levels of energy consumption around the world have led to an energy crisis. Thus, this paper aims to review the conventional technologies against those of newer developments in electrical power generation such as using nitrogen generators. The nitrogen generator method is most appealing as it is a seemingly free energy already existing in nature. A nitrogen generator with a 5000 (Nm3/h) capacity has the potential to be used to analyze gas composition and the results are compared with the gas composition of a conventional steam turbine, which is used to pressurize 6000 (kWh) injection steam turbines. The magnetic bearing must be installed in both systems to modify all centrifuged systems which reduces all energy consumption in all systems by more than 50%. Artificial intelligence is used with the machine to analyze and control nitrogen gas flow to provide a more precise evaluation resulting in a more efficient technology. It should further be noted that the nitrogen turbine is superior to the steam turbine because it does not require the burning of fossil fuel to generate power. Hence, it is crucial to modify conventional technologies to improve energy sustainability and begin the long task of tackling environmental issues.

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“…Many researchers have looked into the use of cryogenics as a source of energy for many applications such as cooling for domestic and industrial processes and driving turbines and engines for power generation, etc. [28][29][30][31][32]. Cryogenic energy has also been utilised in freeze desalination by few researchers [14,16,33].…”

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confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Energy for Indirect Freeze Desalination—Numerical and Experimental Investigation

2019

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Renewed interest in freeze desalination has emerged due to its advantages over other desalination technologies. A major advantage of the freeze desalination process over evaporative methods is its lower energy consumption (latent heat of freezing is 333.5 kJ/kg and latent heat of evaporation is 2256.7 kJ/kg). Cryogenic fluids like LN 2 /L Air are emerging as an effective energy storage medium to maximise utilisation of intermittent renewable energy sources. The recovery of this stored cold energy has the potential to be used for freeze desalination. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling was developed to simulate the evaporation of liquid nitrogen to simultaneously conduct freeze desalination to investigate the feasibility of using cryogenic energy for freeze desalination. This integrated CFD model was validated using experimental heat exchanger test facility constructed, to evaporate liquid nitrogen to supply the cooling required for freezing. Parametric study on the LN 2 flow rate to observe the volume of ice obtained was also examined using CFD, where increasing the velocity of LN 2 by 6 times, increased the volume of ice obtained by 4.3 times. A number of freezing stages were required in order to reduce the ice salinity from 1.5% down to 0.1% as regarded by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as safe to drink. In the cryogenic desalination test rig, approximately 1.35 L of liquid nitrogen was required to reduce the ice salinity from 1.5% to less than 0.1%. Furthermore, the above results illustrate the potential of using the cold energy of cryogenic fluids such as Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) and LN 2 /L Air for freeze desalination applications as most cold energy during LNG regasification has been unexploited today.considered to be renewable [2]. Freshwater production by the removal of dissolved minerals from seawater is known as desalination, and it appears to be an answer to the water shortage issue [6,7]. Cost-effective and possibly climate independent water resources can be produced by desalination technologies for agricultural uses [8]. In order to address the water shortage issue, seawater is the leading feed water in the world for installed desalination techniques, thus making it the most applied solution [8].Freeze desalination (FD) is an evolving desalination technology due to its low energy usage. In comparison to other desalination techniques, FD has several advantages [9][10][11][12][13][14]. In freeze desalination, the salts are rejected during ice formation and ice formed is of pure water where the crystal lattice does not allow the inclusion of any salts due to the nature of the ice crystal structure [9,10]. The process of freezing an aqueous salt solution results in ice crystals that are of pure water in the solid phase; this process is the physical principle of freeze desalination [15]. The Low energy usage is achieved in the FD process due to the latent heat of fusion being about 335 kJ/kg while the latent heat of vaporization is about 2256.7 kJ/kg [11,12]. Another key advantage of the ...

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Liquid air/nitrogen energy storage and power generation system for micro-grid applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Investigate a hybrid open-Rankine cycle small-scale axial nitrogen expander by a camber line control point parameterization optimization technique

Investigate a hybrid open-Rankine cycle small-scale axial nitrogen expander by a camber line control point parameterization optimization technique

Advanced Power Generation Using a Nitrogen Turbine Engine Instead of a Conventional Injection Steam Turbine Engine

Cryogenic Energy for Indirect Freeze Desalination—Numerical and Experimental Investigation

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