LIQUID AND VAPOUR PHASE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF <i>EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS</i> ESSENTIAL OIL = SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SELECTED RESPIRATORY TRACT PATHOGENS

Abstract

Essential Oils (EO) produced by medicinal plants have been traditionally used for respiratory tract infections and are used nowadays as ethical medicines for colds. Although several studies of Eucalyptus Globulus Labill. Essential Oil (EGEO) have been reported, there are no reports describing vapour activity of EGEO against bacterial respiratory tract pathogens. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of the Algerian EGEO against some respiratory tract pathogens by disc diffusion and vapour diffusion methods at different concentrations. Chemical composition of the EGEO was analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Fresh leaves of E. globulus on steam distillation yielded 0.96% (v/w) of essential oil whereas the analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 11 constituents, 1.8 cineole (85.8%), α-pinene (7.2%) and β-myrcene (1.5%) being the main components. By disc diffusion method, EGEO showed potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive more than Gram-negative bacteria. The Diameter of Inhibition Zone (DIZ) varied from 69 mm to 75 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (Gram +) and from 13 to 42 mm for Enterobacter sp and Escherichia coli (Gram-), respectively. However, the results obtained by both agar diffusion and vapour diffusion methods were different. Significantly higher antibacterial activity was observed in the vapour phase at lower concentrations. A. baumanii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most susceptible strains to the oil vapour with DIZ varied from 38 to 42 mm. Therefore, smaller doses of EO in the vapour phase can be inhibitory to pathogenic bacteria. Else, the DIZ increased with increase in concentration of the oil. There is growing evidence that EGEO in vapour phase are effective antibacterial systems and appears worthy to be considered for practical uses in the treatment or prevention of patients with respiratory tract infections or as air decontaminants in hospital. The present study indicates that EGEO has considerable antimicrobial activity, deserving further investigation for clinical applications.

The Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm In Vitro Activity of Liquid and Vapour Phases of Selected Essential Oils against Staphylococcus aureus

“…It is suggested that lipophilic molecules in the EOs’ aqueous phase associate, form micelles, and restrain the attachment of EOs to microorganisms. The vapour phase is devoid of this disadvantage that allows antimicrobials to be easily released and to strongly attach to microbial structures [ 30 ]. Due to the aforementioned volatility and water immiscibility of EOs, evaluation of their antimicrobial activity using in vitro assays displays certain limitations.…”

Thyme Antimicrobial Effect in Edible Films with High Pressure Thermally Treated Whey Protein Concentrate

“…The growing published evidence towards a more effective antimicrobial activity of EOs in vapor phase compared to EOs in liquid form applied by direct contact [45][46][47] led to identification of new applications for EOs vapors, including those in the food industry [46,47]. One plausible explanation for the different antimicrobial effectiveness is the mechanism presented by the group of researchers Nadjib et al [48] indicating formation of micelles from association of lipophilic molecules in the aqueous phase which negatively interfere with the EOs attachment to the microorganisms, while the EO vapors allow free attachment to microorganism's cells.…”

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Lippia multiflora Moldenke Essential Oil from Different Regions of Angola

“…Indeed, the vapour generated by essential oils has a more significant antimicrobial effect than that of direct contact with these oils in liquid form. Lipophilic molecules in the aqueous phase could associate and form micelles which limit the fixation of EOs to microorganisms [ 95 ]. According to Kloucek et al, there is variability in the phenomenon of essential oils’ volatility.…”