Liquid carbohydrate/essential amino acid ingestion during a short-term bout of resistance exercise suppresses myofibrillar protein degradation

Bird, Stephen P.; Tarpenning, Kyle M.; Marino, Frank E.

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.11.011

Cited by 77 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Bird et al (31) examined the influence of 35 g liquid CHO and 6 g EAA ingestion during resistance exercise on the levels of blood biochemistry and reported that resistance exercise performed with only CHO ingestion or CHOϩEAA ingestion resulted in significantly elevated BG and insulin levels above the baseline during and/or 1 h after the exercise. They demonstrated that CHOϩEAA ingestion during the exercise bout suppressed the exercise-induced cortisol release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bird et al (31) further examined the influence of a 35 g liquid CHO and 6 g EAA ingestion on myofibrillar protein degradation as assessed by urinary 3-met-His excretion, and reported a negative linear association between the urinary 3-metHis excretion and the serum cortisol AUC in the CHOϩ EAA group, thus suggesting that increased myofibrillar protein degradation might be related to a decreased serum cortisol AUC. These observations corresponded well with our present observations; 3-met-His levels in the 10 g and 20 g protein groups did not change throughout the study periods, but the serum cortisol levels in the 10 g and 20 g protein groups significantly increased at Post 0 h compared to Pre, thus suggesting that the post-exercise increase in the serum cortisol concentrations might suppress the increase in the 3-met-His concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Substrates and Hormonal Response to Increased Egg White Protein Intake Prior to a 12,000m Run in Heat

Mekata

Hayashi

Masuda

et al. 2008

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of isoenergetic and increased amounts of egg white protein one hour before a run on the changes in the postexercise blood biochemistry and the rating of the perceived exertion (RPE). Twenty-four male distance runners were divided into four groups. Venous blood samples were collected at three time points: just before the experiment (Pre), just after a 12,000 m run (Post 0 h) and one hour after the run (Post 1 h). After the first blood sampling, each participant consumed one of the four isoenergetic supplements (86 kcal); 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, or 20 g of egg white protein. The blood glucose, free amino acid, and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) levels in the 0 g, 5 g, and 10 g protein groups were higher at Post 0 h than at Pre. The pre-exercise intake of the 20 g protein group showed the smallest changes in the blood biochemicals. The RPE scores were significantly higher at Post 0 h, and did not vary among the four protein groups. Accordingly, the pre-exercise carbohydrate intakes significantly altered the postexercise blood biochemisty findings, but the pre-exercise protein intake did not. Furthermore, the changes in the RPE scores in our present study were not explained by changes in the serum free tryptophan or the BCAA levels, and an increased dietary intake of egg white protein might not prevent post-exercise increases in the RPE scores. Key Words egg white protein, isoenergetic intakes, male runners, RPE, cortisol Various carbohydrate (CHO)-protein supplements containing 10 to 20 g of protein are currently being sold in Japan. Several studies have reported that CHOprotein supplements cause significant improvement in the time to fatigue and a reduction in muscle damage in endurance athletes ( 1 -6 ). However, few studies have reported regarding the level of the pre-exercise intake of proteins that significantly affects either the onset of central fatigue or the homeostasis of blood biochemistry after exercise.Several factors that cause peripheral fatigue during exercise have been identified, one of which is a change in the brain's 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level ( 7 -10 ); an increase in the ratio of free tryptophan (unbound to albumin, Trp) to branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and/or in the amount of Trp uptake by the brain which might contribute to the increased synthesis of 5-HT in the brain during endurance exercise. BCAA ingestion increases the BCAA concentration in the serum, reduces both the Trp uptake by the brain and 5-HT synthesis, and thereby delays mental fatigue (by preventing an increase in the rate of perceived exertion (RPE)) ( 7 -10 ). In some situations, BCAA intake improves physical performance ( 8 ), thus suggesting that the ingestion of BCAA during endurance exercise delays fatigue. It is interesting to note that egg white protein contains 22 g of BCAA/100 g ( 11 ), and is one of the most important BCAA derivatives in our daily dietary lives. Although there are some studies on whey ( 12 ), milk ( 13 ) and soy ( 14 ) as sources of die...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Substrates and Hormonal Response to Increased Egg White Protein Intake Prior to a 12,000m Run in Heat

Mekata

Hayashi

Masuda

et al. 2008

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Del mismo modo que la ingesta de HC tras el ejercicio es necesaria para acelerar los procesos de recuperación 25,26 , en ejercicios excéntricos donde se produce un mayor daño muscular la recuperación mejora cuando se aumenta la ingesta proteica inmediatamente después del ejercicio [27][28][29] , ya que se dan las óptimas condiciones hormonales para ello 15,30 . En un estudio basado en una dieta hipocalórica, con un porcentaje de HC bajo (45-50%) y con un leve aumento de la ingesta proteica (13-20%), se observó un aumento del rendimiento deportivo en atletas femeninas 31 .…”

Section: Cuerpo: Necesidades Proteicas De Los Deportistasunclassified

“…En cuanto a la calidad de la fuente proteica, cabe destacar que, aunque las de origen animal suelen ser las más completas y de mejor valor biológico, las de origen vegetal pueden ofrecer la misma calidad o incluso superior siempre y cuando se acompañen de manera adecuada con diferentes grupos alimentarios, como es el caso de las legumbres con los cereales 40,50,75 , como podemos observar en la tabla 3. Según las evidencias publicadas, tras el entrenamiento sería conveniente añadir alimentos ricos en HC, junto con una pequeña cantidad de proteínas, para restablecer cuan-05 REVISION (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) to antes el balance anabólico. Para unas rápidas digestión y asimilación de estos alimentos se debería consumirlos en forma de bebida, con una proporción de HC:proteínas de 4-3 g:1 g 25,30 .…”

Section: Estrategias Dietético-nutricionales Para El Aumento De La Maunclassified

Necesidades proteicas de los deportistas y pautas diétetico-nutricionales para la ganancia de masa muscular

Urdampilleta

Vicente-Salar

Martínez-Sanz

2011

Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet

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Uno de los efectos más importantes del entrenamiento de la fuerza es el aumento de la hipertrofia muscular. Para compensar sus limitaciones genéticas, los deportistas deben tratar de optimizar los recursos dietético-nutricionales. El objetivo de la presente revisión es analizar la evidencia científica del aporte proteico del deportista según las diferentes modalidades deportivas. Dependiendo del gasto y el aporte energéticos del deportista, el aporte total de proteínas de la ingesta energética diaria suele suponer un 10-15%; sin embargo, es preferible calcular la cantidad proteica necesaria por kg de peso corporal de cada individuo en concreto y según la disciplina deportiva. En este sentido, se estima que para mantener la masa muscular los deportistas deben consumir 1,2-1,8 g de proteínas/kg/día, y para aumentarla (0,5 kg masa muscular/semana) deben mantener una ingesta proteica de 1,6-1,8 g de proteína/kg/día, con un aumento de 400-500 kcal en su dieta habitual, entendiendo que estas necesidades variarán según la modalidad deportiva, la destrucción muscular generada, la masa muscular del atleta y los depósitos de glucógeno. Es importante señalar que los depósitos de glucógeno muscular y hepático vacíos aumentarían las necesidades proteicas para mantener la masa muscular. Un exceso de ingesta de proteínas (> 2 g/kg/día) con las reservas de glucógeno agotadas podría causar un aumento de la concentración de cuerpos cetónicos y urea, y producir, entre otros, deshidratación precoz del deportista.

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“…Στην παρούσα μελέτη, παρατηρήθηκαν συγκεντρώσεις γαλακτικού περίπου 10 mmol Γ1 και αύξηση στη συγκέντρωση της κορτιζόλης ιδιαίτερα μετά το δεύτερο κύκλο ασκήσεων. Σε μελέτη των Bird et al (2006) αποδεικνύεται πως η συγκέντρωση της κορτιζόλης αυξάνεται με την άσκηση όταν η συγκέντρωση της γλυκόζης παραμένει σταθερή (όπως συνέβη στην παρούσα μελέτη) και μειώνεται όταν αυξάνονται τα επίπεδα γλυκόζης. Ωστόσο, δεν είναι βέβαιο ότι η κορτιζόλη έχει άμεσο ρόλο στη λιπολυτική δραστηριότητα κατά την άσκηση με αντιστάσεις, καθώς αυξάνεται η συγκέντρωσή της όταν η δραστικότητα της λιπάσης των τριακυλογλυκερολών μειώνεται.…”

Section: άσκηση με αντιστάσεις και ορμονική ανταπόκρισηunclassified

Ο Μεταβολισμός Των Λιπιδίων Κατά Την Άσκηση Με Αντιστάσεις

Χατζηνικολάου¹

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Chatzinikolaou Athanasios: Lipids metabolism during resistance exercise (Under the supervision of Professor Taxildaris Kiriakos)Resistance exercise is recommended for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Its effect on triacylglycerol lipase activity in adipose tissue is not known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of resistance exercise (RE) on lipid metabolism in lean and obese humans. Nine lean and 8 obese healthy men performed a 30-min circuit RE protocol (3 cycles of 10 exercises at 70-75% maximal strength). At baseline, 5 minutes, end of 1st, 2nd and 3rd cycle we sampled adipose tissue for triacylglycerol lipase assay; and blood for norepinephrine, epinephrine, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glycerol, glucose and lactate determination. Respiratory gases were monitored throughout exercise. The analysis of data indicated that relative energy expenditure was higher in the lean (2.9 ± 0.5 vs. 2.6 ± 0.8 kcal kg-1, P < 0.05). Respiratory exchange ratio during exercise was higher in the obese (0.98-1.03 vs. 0.92-0.97), suggesting lower fat oxidation.Triacylglycerol lipase activity increased 18-fold at 5 min in the lean and 16-fold at approximately 10 min in the obese; thereafter it declined without reaching baseline. The delay in lipolytic activation in the obese was reflected in the NEFA and glycerol concentrations. Plasma catecholamines increased throughout exercise with no differences between groups. Plasma insulin increased in the obese but did not change in the lean.These findings show that RE upregulated adipose tissue lipolysis and enhanced energy expenditure in lean and obese men. Lipolytic activation in the obese displayed a delay which may be due to the hyperinsulinemic response and may be accountable for the lower fat utilization.

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Liquid carbohydrate/essential amino acid ingestion during a short-term bout of resistance exercise suppresses myofibrillar protein degradation

Cited by 77 publications

References 39 publications

Blood Substrates and Hormonal Response to Increased Egg White Protein Intake Prior to a 12,000m Run in Heat

Blood Substrates and Hormonal Response to Increased Egg White Protein Intake Prior to a 12,000m Run in Heat

Necesidades proteicas de los deportistas y pautas diétetico-nutricionales para la ganancia de masa muscular

Ο Μεταβολισμός Των Λιπιδίων Κατά Την Άσκηση Με Αντιστάσεις

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