Liquid chromatographic determination of amodiaquine in human plasma

Validation of high performance liquid chromatography–electrochemical detection methods with simultaneous extraction procedure for the determination of artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in human plasma for application in clinical pharmacological studies of artesunate–amodiaquine drug combination

“…With the expanded use and the abundance of brands, comes the need for reliable assays to assess and compare the bioavailability and disposition of AS-AQ formulations. The existing HPLC-UV methods used for the quantification of AS [3][4][5][6] and AQ [7][8][9][10] are generally limited by sensitivity. The LC-MS method for the determination of AS not only involves high capital expenditure but also requires the construction of two calibration curves [11].…”

Validation and Pharmacokinetic Application of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique for Determining the Concentrations of Amodiaquine and Its Metabolite in Plasma of Patients Treated with Oral Fixed-Dose Amodiaquine-Artesunate Combination in Areas of Malaria Endemicity

“…The residue upon evaporation of the organic solvent was reconstituted in 100 l of the mobile phase, and 20 l was injected into the chromatograph. With this method, the total time spent on the extraction steps and the elution of the last analyte, AQ, was about 32 min, which is shorter than those reported by previous authors (6,7,10), with corresponding analysis times of 60, 71, and 61 min.…”

“…This underscores the importance of routine therapeutic drug monitoring when artesunate is coadministered with AQ, to ensure not only appropriate drug dosing, but also that the dosing regimen results in concentrations in the blood sufficiently high to kill the residual parasites. A diseased state significantly alters the disposition of antimalarial drugs, yet several analytical techniques that reported the quantification of AQ and DAQ (2,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) in various biological fluids demonstrated its applicability only either in healthy volunteers or in patients administered AQ as monotherapy. To our knowledge, there is only one published analytical method (14) for AQ that has demonstrated its applicability for use in malaria patients taking an amodiaquine-artesunate (AQAS) combination.…”

Determination of anti‐malaria agent chloroquine using single drop liquid‐liquid‐liquid microextraction

“…For several decades quinoline based antimalaria drugs, notable the 4-aminoquinoline chloroquine, were the mainstay for the prevention and the treatment of malaria because of low cost, safety, little side-effect, and efficacy [1,2]. Chloroquine is the prototype synthetic anti-malaria drug most widely used to treat all types of malaria infections, and when administrated orally, it is usually well tolerated and effective [3][4][5].…”

“…Several procedures have been reported for measurement of anti-malaria drugs in pharmaceutical samples, including liquid-liquid extraction [2,6,7] and SPE [5,8] and final analysis by HPLC. However, in addition to time consuming and low sensitivity, liquid-liquid extraction requires large amount of toxic organic solvents.…”