Liquid chromatography analysis of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine in biological samples by ThioGlo™ 3 derivatization

Penugonda, Suman; Wu, Wei; Mare, Suneetha; Erçal, Nuran

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.04.019

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…But the production of diastereoisomers increased the complexity of chromatograms. TP could also be derivatized with ThioGlo TM 3 and p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB) and the products were determined by HPLC-FLD [7] and HPLC-UV [8], respectively. These provided alternative methods for the determination of TP in biological samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of total tiopronin in human plasma by LC–ESI–MS using tris (2-carboxy-ethyl) phosphine as reducing reagent and methyl acrylate as derivatization reagent for the thiol group

Liu

Yan-ning

2006

Journal of Chromatography B

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of total tiopronin in human plasma by LC–ESI–MS using tris (2-carboxy-ethyl) phosphine as reducing reagent and methyl acrylate as derivatization reagent for the thiol group

Liu

Yan-ning

2006

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…For this reason, it is essential to establish a simple and practical quantitation method to separate and measure the isomers of tiopronin and then apply to further pharmacokinetic study. A variety of achiral methods has been established for the analysis of tiopronin in the biological matrices, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 5,6 chemiluminescence, 7 and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). 8 Compared with the extensive literatures on the analysis of racemic tiopronin, no report is available on the analysis the enantiomers of tiopronin in biological matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoselective analysis of tiopronin enantiomers in rat plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry after chiral derivatization

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2008

Chirality

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A specific and relatively sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) was developed for the quantitative analysis of tiopronin enantiomers in rat plasma. The method is based on the derivatization of (+)-tiopronin and (-)-tiopronin with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (GITC) in acetonitrile. The separation of resulting diastereomic derivatives was performed on C18 column (150 mm x 2.0 mm ID, packed with 5.0 mum C(18) silica RP particle), using a mobile phase of methanol/water (containing 5.3 mM formic acid) with gradient elution. LC-MS was performed in the selected ion monitoring and positive ion mode using target ions at m/z: 575 for the diastereomic derivatives of tiopronin and m/z: 603 for the derivative of N-isobutyryl-D-cysteine (internal standard). The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, and stability. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.025-5 microg/ml for both enantiomers of tiopronin. For both enantiomers of tiopronin, the interbatch and intrabatch variability values were less than 15%, and the accuracy was within +/-17% in terms of relative error. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of rac-tiopronin in rat.

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“…N-MPG is an aminothiol compound with the ability to scavenge ROS and decrease radiation-induced lipid peroxidation [8]. It has been proposed for treatments of various conditions, including cystinuria and protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in hypertrophied hearts [8] [9].…”

Section: N-2-mercaptoproprionyl Glycine (N-mpg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proposed for treatments of various conditions, including cystinuria and protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in hypertrophied hearts [8] [9]. N-MPG is an effective antioxidant due to its free thiol group.…”

Section: N-2-mercaptoproprionyl Glycine (N-mpg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication, characterization and skin permeation of antoxidant-loaded lipid vesicles for transdermal drug delivery.

Martin¹

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Curcumin is an effective lipid-soluble antioxidant agent. However, its poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism by the liver and intestinal tract, and short biological half-life greatly hinders its therapeutic abilities. The water soluble antioxidant, n-2-mercaptoproprionyl glycine (N-MPG), also has been found to scavenge ROS and decrease lipid peroxidation. Like curcumin, its therapeutic efficacy is limited due to its poor half-life. In order to improve bioavailability and stability of these two antioxidants, lipid vesicle formulations have been designed and characterized for transdermal delivery of the antioxidants. Transdermal delivery is a pain-free method of drug delivery that allows the antioxidants to permeate through the skin layers for systemic delivery.Three lipid vesicle formulations, traditional liposomes, ultradeformable liposomes, and ethosomes, have been fabricated and characterized in order to determine which vesicle type has the highest skin permeation through the stratum corneum. Each of the three lipid vesicle formulations were composed of 10 mg/ml Soy-PC, 0.48 mg/ml vii curcumin, and 1 mg/ml N-MPG. The ultradeformable vesicles incorporate an edge activator, 1.5 mg/ml cholic acid, into its structure to increase deformability of the vesicles. The ethosomes are vesicles composed in a 40% ethanol solution to increase the fluidity of the vesicles and skin membrane. The vesicles were characterized for size, stability, morphology, and entrapment efficiency. A modified Franz-Diffusion Chamber was used to test the skin permeability of each vesicle type.Each particle type was fabricated to have a diameter less than 200 nm. The unloaded particle types were tested for stability using a PeroxiDetect Assay, which detected amount of lipid hydroperoxides. The ethosomes had the least amount while the ultradeformable liposomes had the most. However, when analyzing size of the vesicles over various time points, the ultradeformable liposomes were the most stable. Every vesicle type had a semi-spherical morphology, with the ultradeformable liposomes having the smoothest morphology. The ethosomes had the highest entrapment efficiency of curcumin (statistically similar to the traditional liposomes) and N-MPG.The modified Franz-Diffusion chamber was used to characterize skin deposition of the vesicles. At hour 2, the ethosomes had the highest fluorescence and consequently, skin deposition. At hour 24, the traditional liposomes, which were statistically similar to the ultradeformable liposomes, had the highest skin deposition. In the image analysis, the ethosomes had the highest sum intensity in the stratum corneum. In the epidermis, the traditional liposomes, which were statistically similar to the ethosomes, had the highest sum intensity. The traditional liposomes had the highest sum intensity in the dermis layer.Subsequently, the ethosomes are recommended for short-term applications of curcumin and N-MPG while the traditional liposomes are recommended for long-term applications.

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Liquid chromatography analysis of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine in biological samples by ThioGlo™ 3 derivatization

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Determination of total tiopronin in human plasma by LC–ESI–MS using tris (2-carboxy-ethyl) phosphine as reducing reagent and methyl acrylate as derivatization reagent for the thiol group

Determination of total tiopronin in human plasma by LC–ESI–MS using tris (2-carboxy-ethyl) phosphine as reducing reagent and methyl acrylate as derivatization reagent for the thiol group

Stereoselective analysis of tiopronin enantiomers in rat plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry after chiral derivatization

Fabrication, characterization and skin permeation of antoxidant-loaded lipid vesicles for transdermal drug delivery.

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