Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization isotope dilution mass spectrometry analysis of paraquat and diquat using conventional and multilayer solid-phase extraction cartridges

Grey, Lorna; Nguyen, Bick; Yang, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00400-4

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In particular, hydrochloric acid has been used as eluent in SPE pre-concentration procedures for PQ in waters [25,26,29] . Methanol (MeOH) was tested because it is sometimes applied in some eluents to desorb PQ from a wide range of SPE sorbents: silica [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] , graphitized carbon black [33] , resin [34] , alumina [35] . On the other hand, MeOH has lower boiling point than water and so, the pre-concentration step of the final extract by solvent evaporation is facilitated.…”

Section: Extraction Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, MeOH has lower boiling point than water and so, the pre-concentration step of the final extract by solvent evaporation is facilitated. Ammonium compounds such as ammonium sulphate [27,28,31,33] , ammonium chloride [34] , ammonium formate [36] and ammonium hydroxide [37] have been widely used to elute PQ in SPE. Saturated ammonium chloride is often used as PQ displacement agent in other matrices such as soils [38,39] .…”

Section: Extraction Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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Different Approaches for Paraquat Quantification in Waters

Santos

Madeira

Alves

2014

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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Three analytical methodologies for paraquat (PQ) identification and quantification in waters were developed and validated in response to different scenarios: a direct injection-liquid chromatography-diode array detector (DI-LC-DAD) method for emergency situations, as occurs when there is a suspicion of contamination of drinking water networks; a solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-diode array detector (SPE-LC-DAD) method to control the drinking water quality and a direct injection-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (DI-LC-MS) method for confirmation purposes and , 38(4), 472-484, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2014.913526 was assessed when Gramoxone was used as PQ source instead of the analytical standard.1 This article was published in Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related TechnologiesGlobal uncertainties below 6, 11 and 13% were found for DI-LC-MS, SPE-LC-DAD and DI-LC-DAD, respectively, for the most part of the calibration ranges. All methods proved to be precise, accurate and suitable for the purpose that they were designed.

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Section: Extraction Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Different Approaches for Paraquat Quantification in Waters

Santos

Madeira

Alves

2014

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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“…As an example, a mixed-mode anion exchange disk material has been proposed for the extraction of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water samples [33]. On the other hand, the SPE of diquat and paraquat is achieved by using a mixed-mode cation exchange cartridge [72].…”

Section: For Basic/cationic Analytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods for Polar Pollutants

Reemtsma

Quintana

2006

Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle

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“…[1,[5][6][7] For the measurement of the concentration of PQ, there are different ways including HPLC/MS, [8][9][10] GC/MS, [11] capillary zone electrophoresis, [12] radioimmunoassay, [13] ELISA, [14] andtime-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. [15] However, expensive equipments as well as complicated procedures prevent their use in primary hospitals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum paraquat concentration detected by spectrophotometry in patients with paraquat poisoning

Li¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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BACKGROUND: Paraquat (PQ) is a world-wide used herbicide and also a type of common poison for suicide and accidental poisoning. Numerous studies have proved that the concentration of serum PQ plays an important role in prognosis. Spectrophotometry, including common spectrophotometry and second-derivative spectrophotometry, is commonly used for PQ detection in primary hospitals. So far, lack of systematic research on the reliability of the method and the correlation between clinical features of patients with PQ poisoning and the test results has restricted the clinical use of spectrophotometry. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and value of spectrophotometry in detecting the concentration of serum PQ. METHODS:The wavelengths for detecting the concentration of serum PQ by common and second-derivative spectrophotometry were determined. Second-derivative spectrophotometry was applied to detect the concentration of serum PQ. The linear range and precision for detection of PQ concentration by this method were confirmed. The concentration of serum PQ shown by secondderivative spectrophotometry and HPLC were compared in 8 patients with PQ poisoning. Altogether 21 patients with acute poisoning 4 hours after PQ ingestion treated in the period of October 2008 to September 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into higher and lower than 1.8 µg/mL groups based on their concentrations of serum PQ measured by second-derivative spectrophotometry on admission. The severity of clinical manifestations between the two groups were analyzed with Student's t test or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS:The absorption peak of 257 nm could not be found when common spectrophotometry was used to detect the PQ concentration in serum. The calibration curve in the 0.4-8.0 µg/mL range for PQ concentration shown by second-derivative spectrophotometry obeyed Beer's law with r=0.996. The average recovery rates of PQ were within a range of 95.0% to 99.5%, relative standard deviation (RSD) was within 1.35% to 5.41% (n=6), and the lower detection limit was 0.05 µg/mL. The PQ concentrations in serum of 8 patients with PQ poisoning shown by second-derivative spectrophotometry were consistent with the quantitative determinations by HPLC (r=0.995, P<0.0001). The survival rate was 22.2% in patients whose PQ concentration in serum was more than 1.8 µg/mL, and the incidences of acidosis, oliguria and pneumomediastinum in these patients were 55.6%, 55.6% and 77.8%, respectively. These clinical manifestations were different significantly from those of the patients whose PQ concentration in serum was less than 1.8 µg/mL (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: For common spectrophotometry, the wavelength at 257 nm was not suitable for detecting serum PQ as no absorbance was shown. Second-derivative spectrophotometry was reliable for detecting serum paraquat concentration. Serum PQ concentration detected by secondderivative spectrophotometry could be used to predict the severity of clinical manifestations of patients with PQ poisoning, and PQ content ...

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Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization isotope dilution mass spectrometry analysis of paraquat and diquat using conventional and multilayer solid-phase extraction cartridges

Cited by 57 publications

References 28 publications

Different Approaches for Paraquat Quantification in Waters

Different Approaches for Paraquat Quantification in Waters

Analytical Methods for Polar Pollutants

Serum paraquat concentration detected by spectrophotometry in patients with paraquat poisoning

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