Liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry determination of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and eight of their metabolites in human plasma

Breton, Hélène; Cociglio, M.; Bressolle, Françoise; Peyrière, Hélène; Blayac, Jean Pierre; Hillaire‐Buys, Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.09.019

Cited by 140 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Multiple analytical methodologies have been reported for the measurement of 10-hydroxycarbazepine in plasma/serum including GC [129], GC/MS [130], HPLC [131,132], LC/MS [133], LC/MS/MS [134] and micellar electrokinetic chromatography [135]. TDM is justified when changes are expected that might alter 10-hydroxycarbazepine clearance including changes in renal function, pregnancy, and concomitant use of liver enzyme-inducing drugs.…”

Section: Oxcarbazepinementioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the Newer Anti-Epilepsy Medications

Krasowski

2010

Pharmaceuticals

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In the past twenty years, 14 new antiepileptic drugs have been approved for use in the United States and/or Europe. These drugs are eslicarbazepine acetate, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, rufinamide, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin and zonisamide. In general, the clinical utility of therapeutic drug monitoring has not been established in clinical trials for these new anticonvulsants, and clear guidelines for drug monitoring have yet to be defined. The antiepileptic drugs with the strongest justifications for drug monitoring are lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, stiripentol, and zonisamide. Stiripentol and tiagabine are strongly protein bound and are candidates for free drug monitoring. Therapeutic drug monitoring has lower utility for gabapentin, pregabalin, and vigabatrin. Measurement of salivary drug concentrations has potential utility for therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and topiramate. Therapeutic drug monitoring of the new antiepileptic drugs will be discussed in managing patients with epilepsy.

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Section: Oxcarbazepinementioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the Newer Anti-Epilepsy Medications

Krasowski

2010

Pharmaceuticals

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“…Finally, because of the large overlap between CBZ biotransformation and phototransformation metabolites/intermediates, the same compounds are produced by quite different processes. 1,[27][28][29][30][31] Largely out of this reason, to date there is no indication of which intermediates could be used as reliable markers of CBZ phototransformation in the environment. Therefore, it is presently not possible to distinguish between human metabolism, the (however limited) WWTP processing and photochemistry, as sources of CBZ intermediates in surface waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical Fate of Carbamazepine in Surface Freshwaters: Laboratory Measures and Modeling

Laurentiis

Chirón

Kouras-Hadef

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

136

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It is shown here that carbamazepine (CBZ) would undergo direct photolysis and reaction with • OH as main phototransformation pathways in surface waters. Environmental lifetimes are expected to vary from a few weeks to several months, and predictions are in good agreement with the available field data. Acridine (I) and 10,11-dihydro-10,11-trans-dihydroxy-CBZ (V) are the main quantified phototransformation intermediates upon direct photolysis and • OH reaction, respectively. The photochemical yield of mutagenic I from CBZ is in the 3-3.5% range and, being similar for both direct photolysis and • OH reaction, it would undergo limited variation with environmental conditions. In contrast, the yield of V would vary in the 4-8.5% range depending on the conditions, because V is formed from CBZ by • OH (9.0% yield) more effectively than upon direct photolysis (1.4% yield). Other important photointermediates, mostly formed from CBZ upon • OH reaction are an aromatic-ring-dihydroxylated CBZ (VI) and N,N-di(2-carboxyphenyl)urea (VII). Compounds VI and VII are formed by photochemistry and are not reported as human metabolites, thus they could be used as tracers of CBZ phototransformation in surface waters. Interestingly, VI has recently been detected in river water.

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“…But most of these assays employ UV detection, thereby increasing the risk of metabolite or matrix interferences. Otherwise, the use of liquid chromatography (LC)-MS and LC-tandem MS (MS/MS) allowed for improved selectivity during separation and detection [29][30][31].…”

Section: Carbamazepine (Cbz)mentioning

confidence: 99%