Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Low Concentrations of 21 Benzodiazepines, Metabolites, and Analogs in Urine: Method with Forensic Applications

Quintela, Óscar; Sauvage, François‐Ludovic; Charvier, Fabienne; Gaulier, Jean‐Michel; Lachâtre, Gérard; Marquet, Pierre

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.065631

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…ESI, as a very soft ionization technique, is the most suitable for labile metabolites, and is therefore preferred in metabolite analysis (Kostiainen et al, 2003). The analysis of benzodiazepines and their metabolites can be performed using ESI-LC-MS (Jourdil et al, 2003) and ESI-LC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) (Liu et al, 2001;Chèze et al, 2004;Kintz et al, 2005;Laloup et al, 2005;Villain et al, 2005;Hegstad et al, 2006;Miller 358 et al, 2006;Quintela et al, 2006;Feng et al, 2007;Laloup et al, 2007;Li et al, 2007;Moore et al, 2007) as well as APCI-LC-MS (Kratzsch et al, 2004;Bugey et al, 2006) and APCI-LC-MS/MS (Smink et al, 2004(Smink et al, , 2006Ngwa et al, 2007). A conventional reversed-phase C 18 column is popularly used in the abovementioned LC-MS/MS methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a high‐resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds

Nakamura

Ohmori

Itoh

et al. 2008

Biomedical Chromatography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using a high-resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds was developed for the simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum. This method enabled us to determine multiple benzodiazepines, including flurazepam, bromazepam, chlordiazepoxide, nitrazepam, clonazepam, flunitrazepam, estazolam, clobazam, lorazepam, alprazolam, triazolam, brotizolam, fludiazepam, diazepam, quazepam, prazepam and their metabolites such as 7-aminonitrazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, 7-acetamidonitrazepam, N-desmethylclobazam and N-desmethyldiazepam. The analytes spiked into human serum were subjected to solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The running time was within 25 min for the measurement of 22 benzodiazepines and their metabolites. The recovery rates exceeded 58.1% for those compounds except for quazepam, which showed a recovery of 45.8%. The limit of detection ranged from 0.3 to 11.4 ng/mL. Linearity was satisfactory for all compounds. These data suggest that the present method can be applicable to routine assay for benzodiazepines in the clinical setting.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a high‐resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds

Nakamura

Ohmori

Itoh

et al. 2008

Biomedical Chromatography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another study showed that ZOP metabolites are excreted mainly unconjugated [142]. Urine samples have also been processed without hydrolysis because of analyte instability during incubation [137]. No hydrolyzing step was used in the method in Paper III.…”

Section: Methodological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some assays (HPLC, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS) have also been developed to separate and determine ZOP [127,[137][138][139] and/or its metabolites (NDZOP and ZOPNO) in urine [140][141][142]. However, because of analytical detection or validation problems when ZOP was analysed in urine, the ZOP analyte was excluded from two of these methods [139,141].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Zopiclone In Forensic Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood and urine are the commonest matrices for analysis of ZOP in forensic toxicology [87]. Stability tests of ZOP in stored urine samples was not investigated or reported in recently validated methods for forensic applications [137][138][139][140][141][142]. Because of the short half-life, ZOP is rapidly elimination from blood so urine may be a good choice of matrix, for example, in drug facilitated crimes when the victim might delay reporting the crime [153].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Zopiclone In Forensic Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stability tests of ZOP in stored urine samples have not been reported before [127,[137][138][139]142]. Storage stability tests in Paper III could be evaluated both from method validation and from the degradation and formation study.…”

Section: Stability Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Zopiclone degradation in biological samples : Characteristics and consequences in forensic toxicology

Nilsson¹

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mass Spectrometry Applications in Forensic Science

Smith

2010

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The role of mass spectrometry (MS) in forensic science can be characterized as either molecular or elemental analysis. Relatively small, volatile, nonpolar molecules found in a variety of forensic samples can be analyzed with electron and chemical ionization (CI) routinely coupled with single‐stage mass analyzers that provide molecular weight and structural information. Nonvolatile and polar molecules including drugs, poisons, and/or their metabolites routinely found in biological matrices along with other analytes of forensic interest can be determined using electrospray or related soft ionization techniques coupled to tandem mass analyzer systems to identify a molecule through structure elucidation and provide excellent screening and quantitative results. New ambient ionization sources now allow the direct analysis of molecules from a forensic sample surface, with minimal prior preparation or separation. In addition, the sequencing of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has also been difficult with most ionization sources until matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), which has the potential to provide quick and dependable results, was utilized. Elemental profiles also provide reliable methods for characterizing and distinguishing forensic samples. This article aims at providing information about MS and its uses in the field of forensic science.

show abstract

Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Low Concentrations of 21 Benzodiazepines, Metabolites, and Analogs in Urine: Method with Forensic Applications

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a high‐resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds

Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a high‐resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds

Zopiclone degradation in biological samples : Characteristics and consequences in forensic toxicology

Mass Spectrometry Applications in Forensic Science

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About