Liquid CO₂ phase transition fracturing technology and its application in enhancing gas drainage of coal mines

Abstract

Liquid CO2 phase transition fracturing (LCO2-PTF) is an effective and economical technology used to improve the permeability of rock and coal. In this study, the working mechanisms of LCO2-PTF were analysed and relevant equipment was designed to develop and promote the application of this technology. It utilized phase transition equipment (PTE) consisting of a liquid gas container, control unit for the current and gas volume, heating tube, and other components. LCO2 blasting experiments were conducted in an airtight container to investigate the released energy, pressure, and other technical parameters. The application of LCO2-PTF for enhancing gas drainage in coal mines was then evaluated. The results of a blasting experiment showed a maximum energy of 947.12 kJ and revealed that the releasing pressure could be easily changed by varying the plate and heat tube. The releasing pressure remained unchanged within an initial distance and then decreased exponentially. The blasting products were gaseous CO2 and water vapor, with no sparks or flames. The surface temperature of the PTE ranged from 269.32 to 277.96 K. Application of LCO2-PTF in coal mines with low permeability showed gas drainage 3.38 times higher than that achieved with conventional technologies, with methane concentration increasing from 55 to 89%. The attenuation coefficient of gas emissions dropped by 94% and the gas permeability coefficient of the coal body increased more than 23 times after fracturing. The shockwave of the high-pressure gas promoted the development and extension of cracks. The influence radius of the pre-cracking coal seam was 8.1 m, which is 6.75 times that of the original coal seam. The experimental results and the engineering applications indicate that LCO2-PTF is a safe and effective technology to enhance gas drainage in coal mines.

Vibration Effect Induced by Rock Breaking Technology Based on Dry Ice and Energy-gathered Agent in Trench Excavation

“…Since the technology was introduced into China in the 1990s, it had been widely studied by many researchers, and used in the field of coalbed methane exploitation to solve the problem of low permeability of coal seams. Fan et al [21] studied the application of CO2 phase transition fracturing technology in gas drainage. He et al [22] established a numerical calculation method for the influence range of permeability of coal seam after CO2 fracturing.…”

Pressure Relief and Permeability Enhancement with Carbon Dioxide Phase Transition Blasting: Fracture, Seepage, and Practice

“…There are some studies about the hole arrangement of CDPTB and its application in high-gas coal seam working faces [23][24][25][26][27]. Yang et al compared and analysed the energy of CDPTB and explosive blasting and determined the TNT equivalent of CDPTB [6].…”

Experimental Investigation on Influencing Factors of Rock Fragmentation Induced by Carbon Dioxide Phase Transition Fracturing

“…Due to the rapid development of coal mining technology and mechanized production of coal mines, coal mines gradually stopped using the Cardox tube system. In recent years, CO 2 phase transition fracturing has been widely used in the field of rock excavation due to its multiple advantages [5], such as pile-well excavation [6], gas drainage [7][8][9], coal roadway excavation [10,11], and coal mining face mining [12].…”