Copolymers composed of 5-acryloyloxypentyl cholesterate (Ch5A) and acrylic acid (AA), poly(Ch5A-co-AA)s, were prepared changing their molar ratio, and their mesomorphic behaviors were
investigated. Wide- and small-angle X-ray diffraction studies showed that poly(Ch5A-co-AA)s with a Ch5A
mole fraction, F, of 0.20 and larger showed the smectic A phase in which side chains are arranged
perpendicularly to the main-chain axis forming bilayers. The structural ordering and the clearing
temperature, T
c, increased with decreasing F. The copolymers with F of around 0.10 exhibited a mesophase
showing extremely high T
c and longer periodic spacing than the SmA phase. The copolymers of F = 0.05
and higher were not dissolved in water but swelled to form hydrogels with mesomorphic properties,
presumably due to the physical cross-linking of hydrophobic aggregates of Ch5A side chains. The
relationship between the uncommon thermotropic behavior and the mesomorphic structure formed by
the specific interaction of chiral Ch5A components was discussed.