Liquid Diagnosis of Hepatic Encephalopathy: Are We There Already?

Machado, Mariana Verdelho

doi:10.1159/000510059

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Among those based on blood markers, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely studied as a HCC tumor marker, but its efficacy for early detection is debated due to varying sensitivities and potential false positives. While European guidelines recommend biannual ultrasound screening without AFP, American guidelines advocate combined screening to enhance ultrasound efficiency [32,34,35]. The Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) offers a simple, cost-effective tool for identifying high-risk HCC patients, showing good predictive ability for HCC in MASLD populations.…”

Section: Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masld-Related Hepatocarcinoma: Special Features And Challenges

Yagüe-Caballero,

Casas-Deza,

Espina-Cadena

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Metabolic Associated Steatohepatitis Liver Disease (MASLD) currently impacts a quarter of the global population and its prevalence is expected to increase in the future. As a result, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with MASLD is also on the rise. Notably, hepatocellular carcinoma in this group does not always develop alongside liver cirrhosis, often leading to a more advanced stage at diagnosis. The challenge lies in accurately identifying patients who are at a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma to tailor screening processes effectively. Additionally, several therapeutic approaches are being explored to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma, although there are yet no universally accepted guidelines

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Section: Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masld-Related Hepatocarcinoma: Special Features And Challenges

Yagüe-Caballero,

Casas-Deza,

Espina-Cadena

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…One study found that patients with grade 0 HE had elevated levels greater than 47 μM (laboratory upper limit of normal) in 69% of patients (8). Ammonia levels have also been shown to be elevated in several conditions, such as chronic liver disease, which may present independently of HE (4,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Further, ammonia levels can be sensitive to specimen collection technique, variability in clinicians' perception of abnormal values, processing, and protein level (4,11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Serum Biomarkers Associated With Pediatric Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review

Krishnan

Rao

Chang

et al. 2023

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology &Amp; Nutrition

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Background:The pathophysiology of pediatric hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is not well understood. Various serum biomarkers associated with HE may provide insight into its pathology, but their use and interpretation in clinical practice for diagnosis and prognostication remain undetermined. We sought to investigate reported correlations of serum biomarkers with presence and degree of HE in children. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies examining novel serum biomarkers and cytokines in association with HE that included children on PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, and Scopus. We utilized Covidence for abstract and text review by 2 independent reviewers for each study. Results: We reviewed 2824 unique publications; 15 met criteria for inclusion. Categories of biomarkers reported were inflammatory cytokines, products of amino acid metabolism, trace elements and vitamins, and hepatic and neuro biomarkers. Of 19 individual biomarkers, only 5 were measured in more than 1 study. Elevations in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were most commonly reported as associated with HE. Notably, we observed lower average IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in pediatric-only studies compared to mixed age studies. Overall, high bias and poor applicability to our review question was observed. We encountered low numbers of studies with pediatric focus, and few conducted with low bias study designs. Conclusion: Investigated biomarkers span a large range of categories and suggest potentially useful correlations with HE. Further well-designed prospective biomarker research is necessary to better elucidate the pathogenesis of HE in children and improve early detection and clinical care.

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Liquid Diagnosis of Hepatic Encephalopathy: Are We There Already?

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Masld-Related Hepatocarcinoma: Special Features And Challenges

Masld-Related Hepatocarcinoma: Special Features And Challenges

Novel Serum Biomarkers Associated With Pediatric Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review

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