Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials

Nicolosi, Valeria; Chhowalla, Manish; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.; Strano, Michael S.; Coleman, Jonathan N.

doi:10.1126/science.1226419

Cited by 3,417 publications

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“…20 Eliminating the interlayer interaction could provide a route to manipulate the spin structure of real materials featuring a spin 1 2 honeycomb arrangement. In RuCl 3 , where no charged ions are in between the honeycomb layers, the interlayer interactions are smaller than in Na 2 IrO 3 , but are not neglegible. 21 The appearance of several magnetic transitions between the zigzag order at T N1 = 8 K and the second ordering temperature of T N2 = 14 K have been discussed in regards to the stacking behavior of α-RuCl 3 .…”

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confidence: 91%

“…The oxidized pellets of restacked single layers feature a magnetic transition at T N = 7 K in the in-plane direction, while the magnetic properties in the out-of-plane direction vastly differ from bulk α-RuCl 3 . The macro- Binary halide nanosheets have been predicted based on chemical intuition 3,4 or ab initio calculations. 7 Yet, no single layer halides have been synthesized so far, even though this class of compounds features an array of interesting electrical and magnetic properties.…”

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Magnetic Properties of Restacked 2D Spin 1/2 honeycomb RuCl₃ Nanosheets

et al. 2016

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Spin 1 2 honeycomb materials have gained substantial interest due to their exotic magnetism and possible application in quantum computing. However, in all current materials out-of-plane interactions are interfering with the in-plane order, hence a true 2D magnetic honeycomb system is still of demand. Here, we report the exfoliation of the magnetic semiconductor α-RuCl 3 into the first halide monolayers and the magnetic characterization of the spin 1 2 honeycomb arrangement of turbostratically stacked RuCl 3 monolayers. The exfoliation is based on a reductive lithiation/hydration approach, which gives rise to a loss of cooperative magnetism due to the disruption of the spin 1 2 state by electron injection into the layers. After an oxidative treatment, cooperative magnetism similar to the bulk is restored. The oxidized pellets of restacked single layers feature a magnetic transition at T N = 7 K in the in-plane direction, while the magnetic properties in the out-of-plane direction vastly differ from bulk α-RuCl 3 . The macro- Binary halide nanosheets have been predicted based on chemical intuition 3,4 or ab initio calculations. 7 Yet, no single layer halides have been synthesized so far, even though this class of compounds features an array of interesting electrical and magnetic properties.The magnetic semiconductor α-RuCl 3 is one such example. While it was investigated in the past as a host for intercalants 8,9 and as a lithium ion conductor, 10 current research focuses on its magnetic properties. Due to its layered honeycomb structure of spin 1 2 Ru 3+ centers in combination with spin orbit coupling (SOC), it is one of the few known materials featuring a zigzag antiferromagnetic (AF) ground state below a temperature of T N1 = 8 K. [11][12][13] In the zigzag order, the magnetic moments form ferromagnetic (FM) zigzag chains, whose magnetization direction is opposed to the neighboring chains within the plane. Additionally, there is a further magnetic phase transition observed at T N2 = 14 K. The origin of this transition is currently still under debate. This type of ordering was first observed in Na 2 IrO 3 14-16 and explained by the Kitaev-Heisenberg model, 17,18 which describes that a frustrated spin 1 2 honeycomb arrangement could lead to a variety of interesting spin structures. Based on the competition among the exchange interactions up to the third neighbor, the system could possibly be pushed into a quantum spin liquid regime by the manipulation of the competing interactions, thereby opening up applications in quantum computing. 17,19 Yet, the Na + ions in the interlayer space of Na 2 IrO 3 lead to disadvantageous interactions between the iridate layers, which interfere with theoretical predictions of a honeycomb arrange-2 ment of spin 1 2 magnetic arrays. 20 Eliminating the interlayer interaction could provide a route to manipulate the spin structure of real materials featuring a spin 1 2 honeycomb arrangement. In RuCl 3 , where no charged ions are in between the honeycomb layers, the interlayer in...

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Magnetic Properties of Restacked 2D Spin 1/2 honeycomb RuCl₃ Nanosheets

et al. 2016

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] This is due to their exciting physical and chemical properties. TMDs have been deemed suitable (and in some cases game-changing) for potential applications in a variety of areas (catalysis, electronics, photonics, energy storage, and sensing).…”

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confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Two‐Dimensional Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides

2016

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Two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a fascinating class of nanomaterials that have the potential for application in catalysis, electronics, photonics, energy storage, and sensing. TMDs are rather inert, and thus pose problems for chemical derivatization. However, to further modify the properties of TMDs and fully harness their capabilities, routes towards their chemical functionalization must be identified. In this research news article we critically review recent efforts towards the chemical (bond-forming) functionalization of 2D TMDs.We highlight recent successes and also areas where further detailed analyses and experimentation are required. As detailed herein, this burgeoning field is very much in its infancy but has already provided several important breakthroughs. Graphical Abstract3

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“…Exfoliation is clearly a compulsory step and this goal can be achieved by numerous physical and chemical methods that can be extended to layered structures other than graphite, such as BN, MoS2, MoO3 and clays [61]. Ultrasonic exfoliation is routinely performed in numerous solvents and then applied to a variety of chemical modifications [62], although the characterization of the ultrasonic field (power in particular) is not explicitly mentioned in most cases.…”

Section: Exfoliation Of Layered Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%