Liquid feed passive direct methanol fuel cell: challenges and recent advances

Shrivastava, Neeraj; Thombre, Shashikant B.; Chadge, Rajkumar

doi:10.1007/s11581-015-1589-6

Cited by 57 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…In low-temperature fuel cells, DMFC is one of the ideal energy source of liquid fuel, low-cost, low-temperature requirement, high power density, quick refueling, facile charging, and low environmental impact. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, key obstacles in the commercialization of DMFC for methanol oxidation process are: (a) high manufacturing cost, methanol crossover, water and heat management and maintenance of longterm stability during the electrochemical reaction; (b) the association of membrane electrode, membrane thickness, diffusion layer, catalyst loading, and low power density; (c) moreover, the slow reactions at electrode, particularly at the anode (methanol oxidation); (d) high amount of catalyst loading to enhance the electrocatalytic activity leads to methanol crossover and an increase in the cost of catalyst, particularly platinum-based electrocatalyst; and (e) formation of carbonates and bicarbonates in an alkaline medium leads to declined current density response as a result of restricted adsorption of hydroxides ion on the electrode surface in the presence of CO 3 −2 and HCO 3 −1 . Many studies have been accomplished to develop catalysts with appropriate functionality and cost to improve the process as well as the commercialization of fuel cells as an alternative energy source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the types of fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), alkaline fuel cell (AFC), direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), and phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) are examples of the low‐temperature fuel cell while molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are examples of the high‐temperature fuel cell. In low‐temperature fuel cells, DMFC is one of the ideal energy source of liquid fuel, low‐cost, low‐temperature requirement, high power density, quick refueling, facile charging, and low environmental impact 11‐20 . However, key obstacles in the commercialization of DMFC for methanol oxidation process are: (a) high manufacturing cost, methanol crossover, water and heat management and maintenance of long‐term stability during the electrochemical reaction; (b) the association of membrane electrode, membrane thickness, diffusion layer, catalyst loading, and low power density; (c) moreover, the slow reactions at electrode, particularly at the anode (methanol oxidation); (d) high amount of catalyst loading to enhance the electrocatalytic activity leads to methanol crossover and an increase in the cost of catalyst, particularly platinum‐based electrocatalyst; and (e) formation of carbonates and bicarbonates in an alkaline medium leads to declined current density response as a result of restricted adsorption of hydroxides ion on the electrode surface in the presence of CO 3 −2 and HCO 3 −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent progress in development of efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cell

2020

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The human craving for energy is continually mounting and becoming progressively difficult to Gratify. At present, the world's massive energy demands are chiefly encountered by nonrenewable and benign fossil fuels. However, the development of dynamic energy cradles for a gradually thriving world to lessen fossil fuel reserve depletion and environmental concerns are persistent issues for society at present. The discovery of copious nonconventional resources to fill the gap between energy petition and supply is the extreme obligation of the modern era. A new emergent, clean, and robust alternate of fossil fuels are the fuel cells. Among the different types of fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells are an outstanding option for light-duty vehicles and portable devices. A critical tactic for striving and sustainable energy sources is the production of highly proficient, economical, and green catalysts for energy storage and conversion devices. Up till now a broad range of research work is available to use Pt and modify Ptbased electrocatalysts to augment the CH 3 OH oxidation process. Platinum-based nanocubes, nanorods, nanoflower, hybrids of Pt with metal-oxides such as Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , MnO, Cu 2 O, ZnO, and with conducting polymers are extensively utilized in both acidic and basic media. Moreover, Pd-based materials, transition metal-based materials as well as MOF and MOF-derived materials are also the point of interest for researchers nowadays. However, the problem associated with their practical applications is that they can be effectively employed in basic media due to comparative less stability in acidic medium. This review article will deliver a broad vision of the current progress of the MOR process concerning noble metals, transition metals, and MOF-based materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in development of efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cell

2020

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“…Permeated methanol reacts with oxygen exothermically on the cathode side generating a mixed potential to drag down the cell voltage . Moreover, the intermediate of carbon monoxide produced in this process can poison the cathodic catalysts, thereby imposing restrictions on the oxidation reaction .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies on the Performances of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with a Novel Integrated Ultrasonic Atomization Fuel Feeder

Gong

et al. 2020

Fuel Cells

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With the advantages of high energy density and low operating temperature, direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has been rated as the most promising portable energy device to replace the traditional lithium cell. However, the development of DMFC is limited by methanol crossover (MCO) and catalyst poisoning. To alleviate MCO, a DMFC with an integrated ultrasonic atomization fuel feeder is proposed in the present research. The open circuit voltage (OCV) and the polarization curves of the cell under a series of conditions are analyzed. The performances of the proposed DMFC are evaluated at different methanol concentrations and fuel feed rates. The mechanism of MCO is discussed from above experiments.Compared with liquid feed style, atomization feed style can reduce characteristic response time (CRT) and greatly alleviate MCO because the DMFC obtains a larger OCV value. It can be found from our experiments that atomization feed style can effectively improve cell performance and energy density. Moreover, atomization feed style under different methanol concentrations can obtain the best cell performance by adjusting feed rate. When the feed rate is 0.24 mL min -1 and 0.6 mL min -1 , the best cell performance is obtained at 8M and 4M, respectively.

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“…To overcome this hurdle with portable devices, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC)w ere proposed as an alternative, owing mainly to methanol's high energy density and ease of handling. DMFCs were studied thoroughly over the subsequent decades, [2] and the technology encountered some barriers such as slow anode kinetics,m ethanol crossover from the anode to the cathode, and issues concerning methanol'st oxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no CÀCb onds to break in the reaction and its theoreticalo pen-circuit voltage (OCV) is relativelyc lose to that of the DMFC (1.18 Vc ompared to 1.21 Vat2 58C). The reactions taking place in the proposed DDMEFCare given by Equations (1), (2), and (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Electro‐oxidation of Dimethyl Ether on Pt−Cu Nanochains

2017

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A new platinum-copper alloy electrocatalyst for the direct electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) has been synthesized in an easy and low-cost approach and studied by using an array of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. Structural characterization revealed that the synthesized PtCu nanoparticles (3 nm on average) formed homogeneous nanochains without aggregation of metallic platinum or copper. The catalyst's activity towards electro-oxidation of DME was tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) in a full cell and was found to be promising. The direct DME fuel cell (DDMEFC) studied in this work has relatively high energy density, of 13.5 mW cm and thus shows great potential as fuel for low power fuel cells. The newly synthesized PtCu catalyst exhibited almost double the performance of commercial PtRu in electrocatalytic DME oxidation.

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Liquid feed passive direct methanol fuel cell: challenges and recent advances

Cited by 57 publications

References 178 publications

Recent progress in development of efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cell

Recent progress in development of efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cell

Experimental Studies on the Performances of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with a Novel Integrated Ultrasonic Atomization Fuel Feeder

Direct Electro‐oxidation of Dimethyl Ether on Pt−Cu Nanochains

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