Liquid hydrogen pipeline chill-down: Mathematical modelling and investigation

Kunniyoor, Keerthi Raj; Govind, Rahul; Venkateswaran, K.; Ghosh, Parthasarathi

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103324

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…The objective of the present work is to develop and validate a numerical model for predicting the transient cool-down process of the cryogenic transfer line segments at FRIB using gaseous helium flow maintaining the prescribed temperature differential between the supply and return flow. Although, several numerical models [5,6] are available in the open literature for predicting the cool-down of a cryogenic transfer line, they consider liquid helium (or nitrogen / hydrogen) coolant flow with complex multi-phase heat transfer and thermal-hydraulic phenomenon and are not suitable for the present application. More simplistic closed-form solutions to the governing equations are also available [7] but are not suitable to be applied in the cryogenic temperature range and transfer lines with branches / loops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of the cool-down of the helium transfer-lines for FRIB LINAC and experimental systems

Kroll,

Howard,

Hasan

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The cryogenic distribution system at FRIB is extensive, encompassing three Linac segments, fourteen experimental system superconducting magnets, cross-connect between FRIB and the reconfigured NSCL legacy system, and the A1900 magnets, as well as many other user experimental loads. The cool-down or warm-up of these transfer-lines is an inherently transient process and must be conducted at a gradual enough rate to keep local temperature gradients and corresponding thermal stress on the piping system within acceptable limits. To this end, estimation of this transient process is very helpful in operational planning. A two temperature (fluid and pipe wall) model was developed to capture the transient characteristics of the cool-down or warm-up process with real fluid properties, and considering the effects of heat in-leak, momentum, flow resistance, and piping components. It was employed to estimate the cool-down of different FRIB transfer line sections, and the results were compared against data obtained during actual cool-down of the transfer line.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of the cool-down of the helium transfer-lines for FRIB LINAC and experimental systems

Kroll,

Howard,

Hasan

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Optimal design of coolant jacket for cryogen transfer pipelines

Sivasree,

Nitin

2024

Can J Chem Eng

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Cryogenic liquids such as liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen are extensively used in many processes and manufacturing industries. In these industries, transferring cryogens via pipelines is a routine phenomenon. As the boiling points and latent heat of cryogens are low, excessive vaporization of these cryogens is innate. Therefore, ensuring that the cryogen reaches the utility in its liquid form is challenging. In the case of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, the pipelines are jacketed with a high boiling cryogen like nitrogen. The idea is to dump most of the heat into cheap nitrogen to limit the loss of precious hydrogen or helium. From a heat inleak point, maximizing the amount of nitrogen in the jacket is advantageous by choosing large cross‐sectional areas. Also, larger flow cross sections would lower pressure drops and, therefore, lower pumping costs. However, such a choice would add to the mass of the pipeline. An increase in the mass of the pipeline increases the need for better structural support of the pipeline assembly. Therefore, the design of cryogen jackets for limiting heat inleak is a multi‐objective optimization problem. In this work, we model the heat leak into the hydrogen via the nitrogen jacket and the pressure drop of liquid nitrogen, and we find the mass of the pipeline assembly. Then, we optimize the design of nitrogen jackets fitted over hydrogen pipelines. We employ the evolutionary optimization technique, genetic algorithm (GA), to perform this optimization.cryogen; genetic algorithm; heat inleak; liquid hydrogen; optimization.

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Numerical Modelling of Transient Chill-Down Operation in Liquid Methane Transfer Line

Kunniyoor,

Ghosh

2023

Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China

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Liquid hydrogen pipeline chill-down: Mathematical modelling and investigation

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Numerical modelling of the cool-down of the helium transfer-lines for FRIB LINAC and experimental systems

Numerical modelling of the cool-down of the helium transfer-lines for FRIB LINAC and experimental systems

Optimal design of coolant jacket for cryogen transfer pipelines

Numerical Modelling of Transient Chill-Down Operation in Liquid Methane Transfer Line

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