Liquid-Like Layers in the Adsorbed Film of H₂O on Glass

Water Sorption Induced Dielectric Changes in Titanate Nanowires

“…It is also debated if the variation of the dielectric properties should be discussed as a function of relative humidity or water content. Different authors present their results against either RH, ,,,,,,,,,, log(RH), ,, adsorbed amount, − ,− ,,,− ,,,,,,,,, or log(adsorbed amount). − ,, Our recent results on TiONW revealed that no structural water changes occur in the 6–100% RH range. Therefore, any variation of the dielectric properties should be related solely to water physically adsorbed on TiONW, so we discuss our results in terms of the adsorbed water content.…”

“…This is further supported by the essentially identical behavior of these materials for a wide variety of adsorbates besides water, i.e., formic acid, , ammonia, ,, methanol, ,, quinoline, acetonitrile, nitromethane, dioxane, isobutyl alcohol, and benzene . The microscopic description of the underlying conduction mechanism would be of great importance in the fields of studying adsorption phenomena, ,− , sensors, ,,,− ,,, composite materials, , catalysis, ,,− ,,,,,, industrial processes, fuel cell applications, , paper-based electronics, ,, and biological systems. ,,,,,− , Although many humidity sensing mechanisms were already established, many aspects of the low-temperature moisture-induced dielectric processes in hygroscopic solids are unknown. The missing detailed mechanism provides further challenges for researchers working in these fields.…”

“…The phenomenon has been investigated over the past century from as early as the 1910s. , Considerable progress has been made through each decade of the century (1920s, , 1930s, − 1940s, − 1950s, − 1960s, − 1970s, − 1980s, − 1990s − ), and progress continues in the 2000s as well. − Although this progression also addressed some aspects of the microscopic mechanism of the adsorption-induced conduction variation, studies were mainly limited to gathering extensive experimental data on a broader set of hydrophilic materials, e.g., oxides, ,,,− ,,,,,, zeolites, , ionic solids, heteropolyacids (HPA), glasses, ,− , minerals, , ceramics, ,, metal–organic frameworks (MOF), , polymers, ,,,,…”

Structure of Water Near Solid Interfaces

“…C. Surface Conduction on Glass Kawasaki, Kanou, and Sekita (76) have measured the surface conduction of glass plates at various relative humidities. From the data obtained, they estimated the number of adsorbed layers and showed that the surface conductivity increases approximately linearly with the number of adsorbed layers above a certain minimum number of layers (of the order of six layers).…”

The Structure of Active Centers in Nickel Catalyst. Ii.

“…Thus, under conditions where the volume conductance can be neglected, the conductance of a sample of given dimensions, i.e., the reciprocal of the resistance R is expected to be proportional to , whereupon it follows with the help of eq. 2 that 1/R = const pm (3) where to = y2(mi* + m*) (4) is the average number of water molecules found in the hydration shells of adsorbed cations and anions. Taking logarithms of both sides of eq.…”