Liquid-like (transition) layer on ice

Abstract

A survey of the literature-covering about the last hundred years is presented concerning the existence of a liquid-like transition layer on ice below its melting point. _ The conclusion is reached that the available evidence is very st:rongly-iniavor of the existence of such a.layer. However, more direct measurements of the_properties of such a layer are needed and possible methods for obtaining such 'information are indicated.

Adhesion Theory for Low Friction on Ice

“…In generally, second term is too small and can neglect (however in ice, this term can not always neglect depend on shape of slider.) The narrow water between ice and material can not apply bulk contact angle and behave abnormal as shown by Hori (1956) and Jellinek (1967). Itagaki & Huber (1989) noticed that the effect of squeeze out will thin water layer in real contact area as shown by Furushima (1972).…”

Numerical and experimental studies of the mechanical behaviour at the ice/aluminium interface =

“…The overall interface shear strength was found to depend upon the loading rate, degree of surface roughness, temperature and type of the substrate material being tested [52].…”

“…Jellinek [52] examined the adhesive properties of snowice sandwiched between various materials such as stainless steel, various polymers and block copolymers applied to aluminium substrates under both tensile and shear loading.…”

On Modulating Interfacial Structure towards Improved Anti-Icing Performance

“…It is hypothesized that highly hydrated ions form a quasi-liquid layer (QLL) that impedes ice nucleation. The coordination of ions is directly related to the formation of QLL, with the temperature-thickness dependence a stated empirical challenge [155][156][157][158] that would be aided by a molecular understanding of the QLL structure. A larger hydration shell would correspond to increased order or negative entropy.…”