Liquid−Liquid and Liquid−Solid Equilibria of Systems Containing Water and Selected Chlorophenols

Abstract

The solubilities of phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol in water were determined in the temperature range between 270 K and 423 K. Dynamic thermal analysis and a visual static method were used to establish the phase diagrams. Results obtained over a wide temperature and concentration range were used to model the liquid−liquid coexistence curve of the systems studied.

Solubility as a Function of Temperature of Selected Chlorophenols and Nitrophenols in Aqueous Solutions Containing Electrolytes or Surfactants

“…At first, the liquid-liquid solubility diagram of the water + phenol system was established to validate the experimental method. Results obtained were compared with literature data 6,16 and are shown in Figure 3. The average deviation of the present results with the data of Campbell and Campbell 16 is 3.5%.…”

“…Values of S°were not available at all temperatures studied. Experimental data of Jaoui et al 6 and Achard et al 18 were used to establish a linear correlation of ln(S°) as a function of temperature. Corresponding parameters are listed in Table 2.…”

“…The highest solubility uncertainty was observed with phenol (0.0020 mol·kg -1 ) and the lowest one with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (0.0002 mol·kg -1 ).

2 Light transmission plotted against temperature for a water + phenol mixture.

3 Liquid−liquid equilibria for the system water (1) + phenol (2): ○, ref ; +, ref ; ▵, laser light transmission method.

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“…Reliable data of chlorophenol and nitrophenol solubility in pure water are reported in the literature. [1][2][3][4][5][6] However, measurements were usually performed at normal temperature (273 K or 298 K). Recently, Huang et al 7 demonstrated the strong influence of pH at T ) 298 K on the solubility of selected chlorophenols.…”

“…Their aqueous solubility is low and decreases with increasing number of hydrophobic chlorine or nitro groups. Reliable data of chlorophenol and nitrophenol solubility in pure water are reported in the literature. − However, measurements were usually performed at normal temperature (273 K or 298 K). Recently, Huang et al .…”