Liquid-Liquid Equilibria

Skrzec, Adam E.; Murphy, Nelson F.

doi:10.1021/ie50538a065

Cited by 36 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Weighed amounts of ethanol were added to the acid-rich fractions before titration so that the mixture remained homogeneous during titration. The ethanol had negligible effect upon the titration end points (11). As a check on the tie-line reliability, each was constructed in the phase diagram, and the closest approaches to the known synthetic mixture concentrations were measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

System furfural-water-caproic acid at 25.deg. and 35.deg.

Heric¹,

Langford²

1972

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

System furfural-water-caproic acid at 25.deg. and 35.deg.

Heric¹,

Langford²

1972

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…Weighed amounts of ethanol were added to the furfural-rich fractions prior to titration so that the mixture remained homogeneous during titration. The ethanol has negligible effect upon the end points of the titrations (8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Furfural-water-formic acid system at 25.deg. and 35.deg.

Langford¹,

Heric²

1972

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…Asphaltene is the most polar component of oil and is expected to be surface-active. The interfacial elasticity and dynamic IFT of DI water/model oils are acceptable techniques for determining the effects of the SHS on the asphaltene aggregate sizes and the configuration of the asphaltene molecules in the aggregates. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethylcyclohexylamine Switchable Solvent Interactions with Asphaltenes toward Viscosity Reduction and in Situ Upgrading of Heavy Oils

2019

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Because of the ever-increasing depletion rate of conventional oil resources, it is essential to design processes for heavy oil recovery from petroleum reservoirs. Heavy oils contain high quantities of large molecules, such as asphaltenes, giving rise to high viscosities during production. Solvent extraction processes are capable candidates for heavy oil recovery; however, the separation of conventional solvents is energy-intensive. Therefore, a solvent with not only a high capacity for heavy oil dissolution but also an easy and environmentally friendly separation is in demand. In this work, the N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine switchable hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) was employed for viscosity reduction and upgrading of heavy oils. Optimum weight ratios of the SHS were added to three different dead heavy oil samples with 11.33 to 17.54 °API and a corresponding room-temperature viscosity of more than 4287.0 to 3365.4 cp. To shed light on the interactions of the SHS with asphaltenes, the solvent was also added to heavy oil model solutions of asphaltenes in toluene. The solutions containing the solvent and the recovered oil were exposed to pressurized CO2 in the presence of deionized water to switch the hydrophilicity of the solvent to water-miscible and separate the recovered oil. The thus-obtained aqueous solution was then warmed up to 65 °C in the presence of N2 gas bubbling through the liquid to switch the solvent hydrophilicity to water-immiscible form and recover the SHS. Results indicate that more than 52 wt % of the oils are recovered at the optimum solvent-to-oil ratio (SOR). The heavier the oil, the higher the optimum SOR is, resulting in the viscosity reductions of more than 70%. Dynamic light scattering shows that the size of asphaltene aggregates becomes smaller and considerably uniform by the SHS, indicating weakening of the asphaltene self-association interactions. Dynamic interfacial tension measurements calibrate the amount of impurity in the recovered SHS.

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Liquid-Liquid Equilibria

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

System furfural-water-caproic acid at 25.deg. and 35.deg.

System furfural-water-caproic acid at 25.deg. and 35.deg.

Furfural-water-formic acid system at 25.deg. and 35.deg.

Dimethylcyclohexylamine Switchable Solvent Interactions with Asphaltenes toward Viscosity Reduction and in Situ Upgrading of Heavy Oils

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