Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for Ternary Systems of Water + Methoxycyclopentane + Alcohol (Methanol, Ethanol, 1-Propanol, or 2-Propanol)

Abstract

Liquid–liquid equilibria data were determined for four ternary systems of water + alcohol + methoxycyclopentane (CPME); the alcohols used were methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol. All measurements were performed at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Binodal curves were experimentally determined using both the cloud-point method and tie lines. The reliability of the tie-line data were verified by the Hand and Othmer–Tobias plots. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were determined from the tie-line data. The universal quasichemical activity coefficient model was used to correlate the experimental data. Additionally, these water–alcohol–CPME systems were compared to the water–methanol–chloroform system as a green alternative for Bligh and Dyer lipid extraction.

Evaluation of green solvents: Oil extraction from oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi using cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)

“…Phase compositions are also shown in the tertiary diagrams ( Figure 5) and confirm that methanol ( Figure 5A) provides the best phase separation shown by the downward sloping line connecting point C (aqueous phase composition) and point D (organic phase composition). These results are in good agreement with Wales et al 18 who showed that the capability of CPME to extract alcohol from the aqueous phase was lowest in methanol followed by ethanol and 1-propanol.…”

“…Results from testing biphasic systems of CPME:water:alcohol (ethanol/methanol/1-propanol) showed that methanol had the best oil extraction performance since it partitioned more readily into the aqueous phase. These results are in good agreement with ternary diagrams of CPME:water:alcohol (ethanol/methanol/1-propanol) developed by Wales et al 18 The researchers showed that phase separation of CPME from the aqueous alcohol portion was best using methanol as indicated by the lower capability (selectivity) of CPME to extract methanol from the aqueous phase. When extracted oil from wet yeast cells, all the systems of CPME:methanol:water had comparable TAG selectivity but the TAG extraction efficiency decreased as the ratio of CPME increased in the final phase.…”

“…Safflower oil was used for ease of control and because it contained a high amount of oleic acid similar to oil from L. starkeyi (Table ). Roughly 100 mg of safflower oil was added to a test tube, weighed to determine the oil weight added, and the CPME:alcohol:water were combined at a starting ratio of 1:1.7:0.6 (v/v), vortexed, and the remaining CPME and water were added to a final ratio of 1:0.8:0.7 (v/v); the starting and final ratios were chosen based on results from Wales et al Tubes were vortexed, centrifuged (2500 g ) for 15 min to achieve phase separation and the solvent of interest was removed and added to a preweighed test tube to determine the solvent weight. The solvent was dried down as previously described and the total oil extract was quantified gravimetrically.…”

“…12-17 CPME exposure was not found to cause genotoxity or mutagenicity but further assessment is needed to determine its toxicological profile. 9 Previous work by Wales et al 18 studied the liquid-liquid equilibria of CPME ternary systems with different alcohols (ethanol, methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol) to evaluate greener solvent systems that mimic the Bligh and Dyer method. The authors concluded that CPME has potential to replace chloroform but the choice of alcohol in the CPME:alcohol:water systems would need to be determined experimentally by performing oil extractions .…”

Sustainable and Selective Extraction of Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae

“…It has also been studied in many important chemical processes including furfural synthesis [67] and extraction of natural products [68]. Previous works studied the liquid–liquid equilibria for ternary systems of water/CPME/alcohol (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or 2-propanol) to test greener solvent systems that substitute and simulate the Bligh and Dyer method for oil extraction [69]. Recently, a comparative study of lipid extraction from wet microalgae was performed using several methods such as the Soxhlet, Bligh and Dyer, Folch, and Hara and Radin methods, with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) and CPME as green solvents.…”