Salt effect Relative hydrophobicity Gibbs free energy of transfer a b s t r a c tThe relative hydrophobicity of the phases of several {polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 + sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 )} aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs), all containing 0.01 mol Á L À1 sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB, pH 7.4) and increasing concentration of a salt additive, NaCl or KCl, up to 1.0 mol Á L À1 , was measured by the free energy of transfer of a methylene group between the phases, DG(CH 2 ). The DG(CH 2 ) of the systems was determined by partitioning of a homologous series of five sodium salts of dinitrophenylated (DNP) -amino acids with aliphatic side chains in three different tie-lines of each biphasic system. The relative hydrophobicity of the phases ranged from À0.125 to À0.183 kcal Á mol À1 , being the NaCl salt the one to provide the more effective changes. The results show that, within each system, there is a linear relationship between the DG(CH 2 ) and the tie-line length (TLL), and biphasic systems with high salt additive concentration present the most negative DG(CH 2 ) values. Therefore, the feasibility of establishing a relationship between the relative hydrophobicity of the phases in a given TLL and the ionic strength of the salt additive was investigated and a satisfactory correlation was found for each salt.