Liquid-Liquid Extraction Systems

Hunter, T. G.; Nash, A. W.

doi:10.1021/ie50307a022

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A few calculation methods for dual-flow countercurrent extraction have been reported; [5][6][7][8] however, these methods are based on the following assumptions:…”

Section: Comparison To Other Reported Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Study of the Separation of Binary Mixtures by the Continuous Dual-Flow Countercurrent Extraction Method

Nishizawa¹,

Shoji²,

Tahara³

et al. 1999

ANAL. SCI.

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“…A few calculation methods for dual-flow countercurrent extraction have been reported; [5][6][7][8] however, these methods are based on the following assumptions:…”

Section: Comparison To Other Reported Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Study of the Separation of Binary Mixtures by the Continuous Dual-Flow Countercurrent Extraction Method

Nishizawa¹,

Shoji²,

Tahara³

et al. 1999

ANAL. SCI.

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“…[7][8][9][10] These methods are based on the following assumptions: 1) The concentration dependency of the distribution ratio is to be neglected and 2) the increase in the volume of the sample solution added is to be omitted. In our calculation, however, these factors were taken into consideration.…”

Section: Comparison To Previous Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparatus for Dual-Flow Countercurrent Extraction and Its Evaluation

Nishizawa¹,

Shoji²,

Miyajima³

et al. 1998

ANAL. SCI.

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The dual-flow countercurrent extraction technique can be considered to be one of the true moving-bed (TMB) chromatographic methods. However, here we call it dual-flow countercurrent extraction, because the "stationary phase (bed)" is a liquid, and the principal structure of the column is to be categorized in the extractor.This method is a powerful tool for enantio-separation when 1) a suitable chiral separating agent exists, 2) recycling usage of the chiral separator is possible, and 3) a proper apparatus is procured with which continuous separation is to be performed. Although one can separate a mixture into only two fractions with this method, it is sufficient in most cases involving enantio-separations. Compared to chromatographic methods, it is advantageous because continuous separation can be performed by the technique, whereas intermittent separations are required by the chromatographic method. We planned to manufacture a proper apparatus for dual-flow countercurrent extraction for preparative use, though a countercurrent chromatograph 1 , which is not the dual-flow type, and a highspeed dual-countercurrent chromatograph 2 , which is not for the preparative use, are obtainable.We previously reported on an apparatus for dual-flow countercurrent extraction, with which the chiral separating agent can be recycled. 3 We also demonstrated that racemic β-blockers, such as propranolol and pindolol, could be extractively separated into their enantiomers in a chloroform-water two-phase system using didodecyl-L-tartrate as a chiral separator in the presence of boric acid. 4 However, with the vertical column of the previous apparatus, the efficient mixing of chloroform and water could not be attained, mainly because of a large difference in their densities. Also, the maximum flow rate of the extraction solvents was limited to about 3 ml/min with the apparatus. In order to overcome these problems, we designed an improved apparatus with a horizontal-type column. The principle of column separation is similar to that of Morris.5 Before preparing a long column, we investigated the optimal operation conditions using a short-column apparatus, because an experimental evaluation of the column becomes more difficult along with an increase in its efficiency. In this report we describe the structure of the manufactured short-column apparatus for dual-flow countercurrent distribution chromatography and a measurement of its efficiency by a simple graphical stage calculation method. Improved Apparatus for Dual-Flow CounterCurrent ExtractionA unit cell of the improved column comprises a mixer and a settler. All of the plastic parts of the column are made of polyfluoroethylene. The structure of the column is depicted in Figs. 1a, 1b, and a view of the whole apparatus is sketched in Fig. 2. In the mixing chamber, there is a stirring wheel in which a dipole button magnet (10 mmφ×5 mm) is inserted, and on which six cogs are placed. This can be rotated magnetically.The extraction column was prepared by inserting six pairs of mixing and se...

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“…The methods developed for the design of processes in the first half of the 20th century still exist today in industrial practice. Major milestones before 1950 were the introduction of mass transfer coefficients by Lewis [23], stage construction and graphical methods in equilibrium representations by McCabe and Thiele [24], Kremser [25] and Hunter and Nash [26], as well as the concept of solute transfer units introduced by Colburn [27].…”

Section: Modeling Liquid-liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct and Quantitative Validation Method for Predictive Process Modeling with Examples of Liquid-Liquid Extraction Processes of Complex Feed Mixtures

Schmidt

Strube

2019

Processes

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As of today, industrial process development for liquid-liquid extraction and scale-up of extraction columns is based on an experimental procedure that requires tests in pilot-scale. This methodology consumes large amounts of material and time and the utilized scale-up equations are crude estimates including considerable safety margins. This approach is practical for well-known systems or low-value products coupled with high production scale, where such a scale-up methodology has less impact on the overall profitability. However, for new high-value products in biologics manufacturing, a process development based on process understanding and the use of validated process models is imperative. Therefore, a distinct and quantitative validation workflow for liquid-liquid extraction modeling is presented on the example of two complex feed mixtures. Monte-Carlo simulations based on the presented model parameter determination concept result for both examples in prediction accuracy comparable to the experiments and prediction precision within the deviation of the respective experiments. Identification of statistically significant parameters is demonstrated. The presented methodology for model validation will support the implementation of liquid-liquid extraction in the manufacturing of new high value biological products in regulated industries by providing a workflow to derive a Quality-by-Design compatible process model.

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Liquid-Liquid Extraction Systems

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Simulation Study of the Separation of Binary Mixtures by the Continuous Dual-Flow Countercurrent Extraction Method

Simulation Study of the Separation of Binary Mixtures by the Continuous Dual-Flow Countercurrent Extraction Method

Apparatus for Dual-Flow Countercurrent Extraction and Its Evaluation

Distinct and Quantitative Validation Method for Predictive Process Modeling with Examples of Liquid-Liquid Extraction Processes of Complex Feed Mixtures

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