Liquid matrices for liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry–fast atom bombardment: An update

Liquid supports for ultraviolet atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization

“…Liquid sampling systems have found prior use in mass spectrometry to combat signal irregularities and to provide increased signal lifetime. Fast atom bombardment (FAB) and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS) demonstrated the use of viscous liquids as an effective sample surface 9,10. The process of energy transfer differs in these two methods, but the surface replenishment principle is similar.…”

Thioglycerol matrix interactions in the positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of several Hantzsch and Biginelli ester derivatives of boronic acids

“…In the Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) ionization mode the sample is suspended in a non‐volatile liquid matrix, and, in positive ion FAB, an [M+H] + ion is usually produced, allowing the molecular mass of the target molecule to be determined. However, anomalous artifact ions sometimes appear in the FAB spectrum: derived from processes such as solvent condensation, ligand exchange, dehalogenation, hydride abstraction, and adducts due to abrupt changes in surface tension in the region of bombardment, as well as from convective and diffusive processes . The presence of these artifact ions can lead to confusion in the determination of the molecular mass of the target molecule.…”

“…However, anomalous artifact ions sometimes appear in the FAB spectrum: derived from processes such as solvent condensation, ligand exchange, dehalogenation, hydride abstraction, and adducts due to abrupt changes in surface tension in the region of bombardment, as well as from convective and diffusive processes. [2,3] The presence of these artifact ions can lead to confusion in the determination of the molecular mass of the target molecule.…”

Use of protic and aprotic solvents of high volatility as matrices in analytical low-temperature fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry

“…Initially, glycerol was the only matrix used 5 but before long other organic solvents of low volatility were found to yield improved spectra; among them 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol (3-NBA) 6-8 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (2-NPOE), 6,9 paraffin, [10][11][12] sulpholane, [13][14][15] concentrated sulfuric acid 16 and others. 9,17,18 Since that time several reviews on the matrix aspect [19][20][21][22][23] and on the processes of desorption and ion formation [24][25][26] under FAB conditions have appeared. It is commonly accepted that a good matrix for FAB-MS has to meet the following requirements: 19,22 1) The samples must be soluble in the matrix, otherwise addition of co-solvents like dimethyl formamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) becomes necessary.…”