Liquid-Metal-Coated Magnetic Particles toward Writable, Nonwettable, Stretchable Circuit Boards, and Directly Assembled Liquid Metal-Elastomer Conductors

Kim, Seoyeon; Kim, Sihyun; Hong, Kyeongmin; Dickey, Michael D.; Park, Sungjune

doi:10.1021/acsami.2c07618

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Meanwhile, SW GaIn layer can be formed and coated on the metal or metal oxide particles, which was different from previous method to coat microparticles with LMs. [ 24 ] Such process which we termed as self‐limiting oxidation‐propagation process was illustrated in Figure A. The as‐fabricated Bi@SW‐GaIn, carbonyl iron@SW‐GaIn, Zn@SW‐GaIn and Mo@SW‐GaIn composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis (Figure 1B and Figure S1, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoheterostructure by Liquid Metal Sandwich‐Based Interfacial Galvanic Replacement for Cancer Targeted Theranostics

Guo

Xie

Gao

et al. 2023

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Nanoheterostructures with exquisite interface and heterostructure design find numerous applications in catalysis, plasmonics, electronics, and biomedicine. In the current study, series core–shell metal or metal oxide‐based heterogeneous nanocomposite have been successfully fabricated by employing sandwiched liquid metal (LM) layer (i.e., LM oxide/LM/LM oxide) as interfacial galvanic replacement reaction environment. A self‐limiting thin oxide layer, which would naturally occur at the metal–air interface under ambient conditions, could be readily delaminated onto the surface of core metal (Fe, Bi, carbonyl iron, Zn, Mo) or metal oxide (Fe3O4, Fe2O3, MoO3, ZrO2, TiO2) nano‐ or micro‐particles by van der Waals (vdW) exfoliation. Further on, the sandwiched LM layer could be formed immediately and acted as the reaction site of galvanic replacement where metals (Au, Ag, and Cu) or metal oxide (MnO2) with higher reduction potential could be deposited as shell structure. Such strategy provides facile and versatile approaches to design and fabricate nanoheterostructures. As a model, nanocomposite of Fe@Sandwiched‐GaIn‐Au (Fe@SW‐GaIn‐Au) is constructed and their application in targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided photothermal tumor ablation and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), as well as the enhanced radiotherapy (RT) against tumors, have been systematically investigated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoheterostructure by Liquid Metal Sandwich‐Based Interfacial Galvanic Replacement for Cancer Targeted Theranostics

Guo

Xie

Gao

et al. 2023

Small

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“…The printing technology of this LM micro-nano particle complex is through mixing LM with silica gel and other polymer elastic materials to form tiny LM droplets in silica gel, as shown in Figure 8A (Pei et al, 2022;Zhao et al, 2022).The LM droplets mixed in the polymer can significantly improve the thermal conductivity of the composite (Figure 8B). Because the LM droplets in silica gel are separated from each other, in order to make the LM droplets form a conductive path, it is necessary to use mechanical external force to destroy the droplets, so that the separated LM droplets communicate with each other, and finally form a conductive path (Lee G. H. et al, 2022;Li X. et al, 2022;Kim et al, 2022;Pozarycki et al, 2022).Since LM droplets can be deformed by silica gel stretching, the electronic circuit formed by this LM silica gel compound has high tensile property, as shown in Figure 8C. However, the preparation of the LM silica gel complex requires the mixture of LM in the silica gel material, so it is difficult to recycle the LM, and the circuit function is only the part of the mechanical stress damage, resulting in a large amount of LM waste.…”

Section: Lm-elastomer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid metal enabled conformal electronics

Ping

Zhou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The application of three-dimensional common electronics that can be directly pasted on arbitrary surfaces in the fields of human health monitoring, intelligent robots and wearable electronic devices has aroused people’s interest, especially in achieving stable adhesion of electronic devices on biological dynamic three-dimensional interfaces and high-quality signal acquisition. In recent years, liquid metal (LM) materials have been widely used in the manufacture of flexible sensors and wearable electronic devices because of their excellent tensile properties and electrical conductivity at room temperature. In addition, LM has good biocompatibility and can be used in a variety of biomedical applications. Here, the recent development of LM flexible electronic printing methods for the fabrication of three-dimensional conformal electronic devices on the surface of human tissue is discussed. These printing methods attach LM to the deformable substrate in the form of bulk or micro-nano particles, so that electronic devices can adapt to the deformation of human tissue and other three-dimensional surfaces, and maintain stable electrical properties. Representative examples of applications such as self-healing devices, degradable devices, flexible hybrid electronic devices, variable stiffness devices and multi-layer large area circuits are reviewed. The current challenges and prospects for further development are also discussed.

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“…The liquid metals can form a thin (~3 nm) surface oxide layer in air [ 25 , 26 ]; thus, the metal can adhere to various substrates and can be patterned into desired shapes by injection [ 27 , 28 ], vacuum-assisted capillary filling [ 29 , 30 ], printing [ 31 , 32 ], and forced wetting [ 33 , 34 ]. An alternative method to form the liquid metal circuits is to utilize the liquid metal particles rendered by ultrasonication [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Liquid metal can break into micro- and nanosized particles in elastomers by ultrasonication and are subsequently stabilized by the oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasoft and Ultrastretchable Wearable Strain Sensors with Anisotropic Conductivity Enabled by Liquid Metal Fillers

et al. 2022

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Herein, ultrasoft and ultrastretchable wearable strain sensors enabled by liquid metal fillers in an elastic polymer are described. The wearable strain sensors that can change the effective resistance upon strains are prepared by mixing silicone elastomer with liquid metal (EGaIn, Eutectic gallium-indium alloy) fillers. While the silicone is mixed with the liquid metal by shear mixing, the liquid metal is rendered into small droplets stabilized by an oxide, resulting in a non-conductive liquid metal elastomer. To attain electrical conductivity, localized mechanical pressure is applied using a stylus onto the thermally cured elastomer, resulting in the formation of a handwritten conductive trace by rupturing the oxide layer of the liquid metal droplets and subsequent percolation. Although this approach has been introduced previously, the liquid metal dispersed elastomers developed here are compelling because of their ultra-stretchable (elongation at break of 4000%) and ultrasoft (Young’s modulus of <0.1 MPa) mechanical properties. The handwritten conductive trace in the elastomers can maintain metallic conductivity when strained; however, remarkably, we observed that the electrical conductivity is anisotropic upon parallel and perpendicular strains to the conductive trace. This anisotropic conductivity of the liquid metal elastomer film can manipulate the locomotion of a robot by routing the power signals between the battery and the driving motor of a robot upon parallel and perpendicular strains to the hand-written circuit. In addition, the liquid metal dispersed elastomers have a high degree of deformation and adhesion; thus, they are suitable for use as a wearable sensor for monitoring various body motions.

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Liquid-Metal-Coated Magnetic Particles toward Writable, Nonwettable, Stretchable Circuit Boards, and Directly Assembled Liquid Metal-Elastomer Conductors

Cited by 31 publications

References 59 publications

Nanoheterostructure by Liquid Metal Sandwich‐Based Interfacial Galvanic Replacement for Cancer Targeted Theranostics

Nanoheterostructure by Liquid Metal Sandwich‐Based Interfacial Galvanic Replacement for Cancer Targeted Theranostics

Liquid metal enabled conformal electronics

Ultrasoft and Ultrastretchable Wearable Strain Sensors with Anisotropic Conductivity Enabled by Liquid Metal Fillers

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