Liquid metal electrode-enabled flexible microdroplet sensor

Zhang, Renchang; Ye, Zi; Gao, Meng; Gao, Chang; Zhang, Xudong; Li, Lei; Gui, Lin

doi:10.1039/c9lc00995g

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[7] Utilizing electrical methodology, both real time flow rate [3][4][5] and the average value [6,7] in a period are obtainable. Apart from continuous fluid flow, this technique is also appliable for droplet microfluidics, [8] but integrating droplet generation system onto epidermal microfluidic chips is conceivably difficult, hindering its universal use in this respect. In addition to the own characteristics of the aforementioned electrical sensing methods, they all need to custom design and build a wearable printed circuit board for information gathering, processing and transmission, which increases the cost and complexity of the epidermal microfluidics.…”

Section: Darkening Of Laser-induced Graphene In Wet For Readable In S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Darkening of Laser‐Induced Graphene in Wet for Readable In Situ Real Time Sweating Rate Analysis

Niu

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Developing a simple technique for in situ monitoring of sweating rate can provide real time feedback of individual's dehydration status and further assist in human health management. This work demonstrates the visible darkening of laser‐induced graphene (LIG) after wetting and its wearable practicability in monitoring sweating rate. LIGs with various porous morphologies are generated and their color differences are quantitatively assessed with hue‐saturation‐value model, correlated with the sheet resistance and the porous architecture. Embedding LIG pattern within microchannel enables the direct readout of water‐filled region and arranging length scale marks along microchannel allows direct readout of fluid volume with human eye for more simple measurements. Flexible design of length scale resolution can balance the detection frequency (i.e., real time ability) and its accuracy. The in situ and real time flow rate monitoring performance is successfully adopted on‐body for sweating rate analysis with reasonable accuracy. Apart from the simplicity and low cost, compared to other flow rate sensing methods, the proposed platform is reusable with no special cleaning needed for the microchannel but just drying, and no visible decline of the performance occurs. LIG's darkening strategy endows an avenue for the development of powerful in situ and real time sweating analytical platform.

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Section: Darkening Of Laser-induced Graphene In Wet For Readable In S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Darkening of Laser‐Induced Graphene in Wet for Readable In Situ Real Time Sweating Rate Analysis

Niu

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Some capacitive force sensors have been designed as well, which mainly work based on the variation of capacitance [66,[112][113][114][115]. The theory of capacitive sensors is similar to that of resistive sensors.…”

Section: Capacitive Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Liquid Metal-Enabled Flexible and Wearable Sensors

2020

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Sensors are core elements to directly obtain information from surrounding objects for further detecting, judging and controlling purposes. With the rapid development of soft electronics, flexible sensors have made considerable progress, and can better fit the objects to detect and, thus respond to changes more sensitively. Recently, as a newly emerging electronic ink, liquid metal is being increasingly investigated to realize various electronic elements, especially soft ones. Compared to conventional soft sensors, the introduction of liquid metal shows rather unique advantages. Due to excellent flexibility and conductivity, liquid-metal soft sensors present high enhancement in sensitivity and precision, thus producing many profound applications. So far, a series of flexible and wearable sensors based on liquid metal have been designed and tested. Their applications have also witnessed a growing exploration in biomedical areas, including health-monitoring, electronic skin, wearable devices and intelligent robots etc. This article presents a systematic review of the typical progress of liquid metal-enabled soft sensors, including material innovations, fabrication strategies, fundamental principles, representative application examples, and so on. The perspectives of liquid-metal soft sensors is finally interpreted to conclude the future challenges and opportunities.2 of 25 to monitor skin strain and muscle movement [32]. Introduction of soft sensors has greatly propelled the development of intelligent artificial skin, which provides not only aesthetic functions, but also perception of tactile sensation and temperature measurement [33,34]. They can also be applied to realize intelligent perception and control for robots [35][36][37]. Moreover, flexible sensors can tightly fit the object and maintain performance even while being stretched. In this way, they can respond to changes more sensitively and detect position and posture alteration in real time.Up to now, materials and techniques to achieve flexible sensors have been widely explored. To obtain better application output for the human body, both flexibility and biocompatibility of the substrates are required. Soft thermoplastic polymers and silicone elastomers are the most common substrates used to fabricate flexible sensors, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly urethane (PU), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Eco Flex [38]. Moreover, the sensing elements are other important parts, which are mainly made up of conductive materials, including organic and inorganic nanomaterials [39,40]. Carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotube and graphene, have been investigated in various soft circuits [39,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Although circuits fabricated by carbon-based materials are highly stretchable, they are not as conductive as those fabricated by metals. Nanoparticles of rigid metals are applied to design soft circuits with high conductivity, among which silver nanoparticles have been extensively studied [47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Moreover, liquid me...

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“…8,13 Room-temperature liquid metal, on the other hand, is naturally exible, easy to form, has good stretching resistance, and is another popular material for the fabrication of exible microelectrodes. 14 However, to shape metal that exists in the liquid state, structures such as microchannels, 7,15,16 a printing mask, 17,18 a transfer mask, 19 or stickers are required to perform transfer printing or direct writing 20 to pattern liquid metal as microelectrodes. Masking approaches are usually employed in the printing-related fabrication of liquid metal microelectrodes where liquid metal is injected or transferred on so material like thin polymer lms, a high-surface-energy gold layer, paper, or PMA glue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of a thin PDMS film with complex liquid metal electrodes embedded and its application as skin sensors

Zhang

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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Liquid metal electrode-enabled flexible microdroplet sensor

Abstract: A liquid metal-based soft sensor for droplet detection and evaluation in flexible microchannels.

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Darkening of Laser‐Induced Graphene in Wet for Readable In Situ Real Time Sweating Rate Analysis

Darkening of Laser‐Induced Graphene in Wet for Readable In Situ Real Time Sweating Rate Analysis

Advances in Liquid Metal-Enabled Flexible and Wearable Sensors

Fabrication of a thin PDMS film with complex liquid metal electrodes embedded and its application as skin sensors

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