Liquid metal embrittlement sensitivity of the T91 steel in lead, in bismuth and in lead-bismuth eutectic

Serre, Ingrid Proriol; Vogt, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152021

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In practical applications, the LME effect occurs at the wetted crack nucleation on the solid metal surface. The necessary condition for LME to occur required an intimate contact between the liquid metal and the solid metal, and the application of plastic deformation [ 5 , 8 ]. Therefore, the wettability between liquid metal and structural material can be used as an important reference for predicting the LME sensitivity of materials [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first, the wettability between material surface and LBE is a key parameter affecting the liquid metal embrittlement (LME) behavior of the structural materials. Generally, materials with poor LBE wettability possess a lower probability of LME [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Secondly, the surface wettability is directly related to the corrosion properties of the materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, research on the wettability between LBE and stainless-steel structural materials in LFR and ADS are still very limited. The existing studies mainly focus on the differences between the wettability of lead and LBE on structural materials [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], the main factors and mechanisms affecting the wettability [ 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], and the influence of surface wettability on LME of structural materials [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 23 ]. Among these studies, D. Giuranno et al investigated the wetting behavior of the LBE and pure Pb on AISI 316L substrate over the temperature range from 623 K to 773 K [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wetting Behavior of LBE on Corroded Candidate LFR Structural Materials of 316L, T91 and CLAM

Zhu

et al. 2021

Materials

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In this work, the wetting behaviors of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) on corroded 316L, T91, and CLAM surfaces were studied. The wettability of LBE on virgin and corroded surfaces were tested at 450 °C by using the sessile-drop (SD) method after immersing the samples in LBE with saturated oxygen concentration for 400, 800, and 1200 h at 450°C. Additionally, the morphology, as well as element distribution of the corrosion structure, were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the virgin samples of three materials are non-wetting to LBE, and the formation of corrosion structures further reduces the wettability. Besides, the thickness of the corrosion layer formed on the 316L surface grew more slowly than the other two steel, which results in better corrosion resistance of austenitic steel 316L than that of ferritic/martensitic steels T91 and CLAM at 450 °C. Meanwhile, the morphology and distribution of corrosion products are important factors affecting the wettability of the steel surface. The formation of corrosion products with high roughness as well as disorder results in a significant reduction in surface wettability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wetting Behavior of LBE on Corroded Candidate LFR Structural Materials of 316L, T91 and CLAM

Zhu

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…It is commonly believed that Bi and its alloys are promising candidates of spallation target and coolant with superior properties in nuclear power systems. The interaction between Fe and Bi, however, has been a challenging issue among scientists and engineers, as Bi and its alloys are found to corrode the structural materials, and bring about the so-called LME of ferrite/martensite stainless steels, the mechanism of which has been still controversial during the past decades [12][13][14]. In the present MD simulations, it is therefore of importance to find out the effect of Bi on elastic properties and stress-strain relationships of BCC Fe based on the newly constructed Fe-Bi potential.…”

Section: Effects Of Bi On Mechanical Properties Of Bcc Fementioning

confidence: 99%

“…hand, the interaction between Fe and Bi seems important in nuclear power systems, as Bi and its alloys are a first-choice candidate of spallation target and coolant, which induce the corrosion and liquid metal embrittlement (LME) of stainless steels and affect the safety operation of the nuclear reactors [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomistic modelling of the immiscible Fe–Bi system from a constructed bond order potential

Liang¹,

Jiang²,

Gong³

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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An analytical bond-order potential (BOP) of Fe–Bi has been constructed and has been validated to have a better performance than the Fe–Bi potentials already published in the literature. Molecular dynamics simulations based on this BOP has been then conducted to investigate the ground-state properties of Bi, structural stability of the Fe–Bi binary system, and the effect of Bi on mechanical properties of BCC Fe. It is found that the present BOP could accurately predict the ground-state A7 structure of Bi and its structural parameters, and that a uniform amorphous structure of Fe100−x Bi x could be formed when Bi is located in the composition range of 26 ⩽ x < 70. In addition, simulations also reveal that the addition of a very small percentage of Bi would cause a considerable decrease of tensile strength and critical strain of BCC Fe upon uniaxial tensile loading. The obtained results are in nice agreement with similar experimental observations in the literature.

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Interfacial Engineering of Room Temperature Liquid Metals

Liu

Cui

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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and formed spontaneously and instantaneously upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen. [1-3] The thin film or "protective skin" covering the surface of RTLMs, generally dominated the physical properties and applications of the materials. This thin film is composed of a majority fraction of gallium oxides with a much smaller amount of indium and tin oxides. [4] When immersed in acidic or alkaline electrolytes, the oxidic films of RTLMs will be dissolved. [5-8] Due to the disorder of internal structure, the surface of the spherical liquid metal droplet is smooth and removable under the function of surface tension. [9,10] According to the size and structure of the solid substrate, the contact areas between the liquid metal and the solid substrate shows various wetting phenomena and corresponding application scenarios. [11-14] Surface chemical composition plays the primary role in dominating various phenomena and practical applications of RTLMs, which possessed the technologically important and scientifically interesting parameter. Gallium-based liquid metal is similar in structure to conventional solid metal, except for some covalent bonds inside, and the physicochemical properties have the commonality of both metallic solid and fluid properties. [15] The composition of gallium-based alloys can be assumed as made up of several atomic groups, within which the permutation of the solid remains, the binding energy between the liquid atoms remains strong, but the binding force between the groups was broken. The interface refers to the contact area between the different phases, which is the transition layer from one phase to another. The binding force of electrons that are relatively far away from the inner core is related to their energy, causing the interface behavior between different phases to be incompletely consistent. The surface is a type of interface, which specifically refers to the gas phase substance in interfacial behavior. In the processes of thermodynamics, [16,17] surface absorption, [18,19] controllable wetting, [6,13,20] material catalysis, [21,22] redox, and other physical and chemical reactions, [23,24] RTLMs inevitably contact with other substances with different phase states. Even the pure liquid metal would contact with oxygen in the air to yield a thin protective film. [17,25,26] Therefore, the investigation of interfacial behaviors between RTLMs and different surrounding mediums is helpful to renovate and broaden the understanding and applications of liquid metal. So far, there gradually appeared literature on phenomena and mechanism of the interfacial effect of RTLMs, such as synthesis of low-dimensional materials in the gas atmosphere, [27,28] Room temperature liquid metals (RTLMs), especially those made of galliumbased alloys belong to an emerging versatile material with fascinating characteristics derived from its simultaneous metallic and inherent fluidic natures. The interfacial effects of liquid metal involved in diverse surfaces thus play critical roles in explaining many fundamental phenomena....

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Liquid metal embrittlement sensitivity of the T91 steel in lead, in bismuth and in lead-bismuth eutectic

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

Wetting Behavior of LBE on Corroded Candidate LFR Structural Materials of 316L, T91 and CLAM

Wetting Behavior of LBE on Corroded Candidate LFR Structural Materials of 316L, T91 and CLAM

Atomistic modelling of the immiscible Fe–Bi system from a constructed bond order potential

Interfacial Engineering of Room Temperature Liquid Metals

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