Liquid metal heat pipes for fusion application

Makhankov, A.; Anisimov, A.M.; Arakelov, A. G.; Gekov, A. F.; Jablokov, N.; Yuditskiy, V.; Kirillov, I.R.; Komarov, V.; Mazul, I.; Ogorodnikov, A.P.; Popov, A. N.

doi:10.1016/s0920-3796(98)00216-6

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…J Rosenfeld has obtained heat flux up to 0.525 MW m −2 using a series of experiments, which verified the feasibility of the heat pipe applied in the fusion domain [10]. A Makhankov has researched liquid metal heat pipes for divertors, which obtained a high heat transfer performance [11].…”

Section: Design Of the Cooling Structure Of The Lateral Limitermentioning

confidence: 79%

Thermal analysis and optimization of the EAST ICRH antenna

Yang¹,

Song²,

DU³

et al. 2018

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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The ion cyclotron resonance of frequency heating (ICRH) plays an important role in plasma heating. Two ICRH antennas were designed and applied on the EAST tokamak. In order to meet the requirement imposed by high-power and long-pulse operation of EAST in the future, an active cooling system is mandatory to be designed to remove the heat load deposited on the components. Thermal analyses for high heat-load components have been carried out, which presented clear temperature distribution on each component and provided the reference data to do the optimization. Meanwhile, heat pipes were designed to satisfy the high requirement imposed by a Faraday shield and lateral limiter.

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Section: Design Of the Cooling Structure Of The Lateral Limitermentioning

confidence: 79%

Thermal analysis and optimization of the EAST ICRH antenna

Yang¹,

Song²,

DU³

et al. 2018

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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“…The LM interlayer facilitates replacement of a damaged tile and excludes the problem of the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) mismatch between dissimilar armour and heat-sink materials. Another way to get the above-mentioned advantages is to use armoured LM heat-pipe, which radiates heat to the heat-sink via vacuum gap (as reported, for example, in [9]). The flexible contact between the armour and heat-sink finally suggests sweeping of the armour relative to heat-sink and spreading of localized divertor heat load on larger area as an additional advantage.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative divertor target concepts for next step fusion devices

Mazul¹

2016

Nucl. Fusion

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The operational conditions of a divertor target in the next steps of fusion devices are more severe in comparison with ITER. The current divertor designs and technologies have a limited application concerning these conditions, and so new design concepts/technologies are required. The main reasons which practically prevent the use of the traditional motionless solid divertor target are analyzed. We describe several alternative divertor target concepts in this paper. The comparative analysis of these concepts (including the advantages and the drawbacks) is made and the prospects for their practical implementation are prioritized. The concept of the swept divertor target with a liquid metal interlayer between the moving armour and motionless heat-sink is presented in more detail. The critical issues of this design are listed and outlined, and the possible experiments are presented.

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“…An experimental study of the effect of a transverse magnetic field on heat pipe critical heat flux was carried out in [85]. The experimental set-up allowed for a magnetic field up to 1.5 T and the inclination angle between the pipe and the horizon up to 45°.…”

Section: Lm-mhd Heat Pipe Critical Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid magnetohydrodynamics — recent progress and future directions for fusion

Morley

Smolentsev

Barleon

et al. 2000

Fusion Engineering and Design

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This paper reports on recent research into magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena applicable to fusion technology. In Europe, experiments on the relative enhancement of heat transfer in liquid metal (LM) flows in ducts with electrically thin or insulated walls show a factor of two increase due to strong shear flow boundary layers when compared to slug flow solutions. This increase has no associated increase in pressure drop. Stronger enhancement is possible with mechanical promoters, but pressure drop increased concomitantly. Electrical turbulence promoters have been shown in theory to aid in heat transfer as well, although preliminary experiments in Europe show no enhancement and a 20% increase in pressure drop. Experiments in Japan show that the maximum enhancement for liquid Lithium occurs for values of the interaction parameter in the N =10 -20 range. Other recent experimental efforts in Europe, Japan and Russia on natural convection in the presence of magnetic field, formation of insulator coatings and modeling of insulator imperfections are also described. In the USA, design and analysis of liquid systems utilizing all-liquid walls have lead to interest in turbulence simulations for heat transfer at free surfaces of both LMs and Flibe. Free surface flows are particularly sensitive to changes in MHD drag since no applied pressure can be used to drive the free surface flow. For this reason, Flibe is considered a prime candidate for liquid walls and is also considered in Japan as the top candidate for Large Helical Device (LHD) breeder blanket. Experimental work with Flibe simulants is currently underway in Japan, and under development in the USA. Analysis of LM flows under liquid wall conditions is being performed in the USA as well. In Russia some further experiments were made for divertor/first wall LM free surface flow, LM heat pipes and porous structures with Li evaporation.

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Liquid metal heat pipes for fusion application

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Thermal analysis and optimization of the EAST ICRH antenna

Thermal analysis and optimization of the EAST ICRH antenna

Alternative divertor target concepts for next step fusion devices

Liquid magnetohydrodynamics — recent progress and future directions for fusion

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