Liquid metal hydraulic actuation and thermal management based on rotating permanent magnets driven centrifugal pump

Ye, Jiao; Qin, Peng; Xing, Zerong; Fan, Yiwen; Gao, Jianye; Deng, Zhong-Shan; Liu, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106472

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To reveal the phase behavior and flow characteristics, a 3D model has been developed to investigate the flow of LM subjected to RMF using the COMSOL software. The mathematical model based on the Navier-Stokes equations in their general form (Newtonian fluid model [33,43]) reads as [31,36]…”

Section: Three-dimensional Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…wall (33) Tangential stress exists between the fluid and the wall, depending on the mesh element size m:…”

Section: Three-dimensional Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reveal the phase behavior and flow characteristics, a 3D model has been developed to investigate the flow of LM subjected to RMF using the COMSOL software. The mathematical model based on the Navier–Stokes equations in their general form (Newtonian fluid model [33, 43]) reads as [31, 36]

\rho \nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol{V}}=0,

\rho \frac{\partial {\boldsymbol{V}}}{\partial t}+\rho ({\boldsymbol{V}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol{V}}=\nabla \cdot [-p{\boldsymbol{I}}+\mu (\nabla {\boldsymbol{u}}+{(\nabla {\boldsymbol{u}})}^{{\rm T}})]+\rho {\boldsymbol{g}}+{\boldsymbol{F}}.

…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, Ye et al [33] adopted a magnetic stirrer to generate RMF and built a noncontact pump. In the process of rotation, the pressure difference between the center and the peripheral fluid would pump the LM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A magical phenomenon as discovered before is that LM under driving by RMF would form a ring bath configuration, and a droplet of the same LM can persistently move without coalescence on the bath surface with a lubricating NaOH solution film between the two LM bodies [32]. Besides, Ye et al [33] adopted a magnetic stirrer to generate RMF and built a noncontact pump. In the process of rotation, the pressure difference between the center and the peripheral fluid would pump the LM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the hybrid flow and aperture forming of liquid metals immersed in NaOH solution under rotating magnetic field

Wang

Liu

2023

Applied Research

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Liquid metal (LM) immersed in solutions exhibited profound fluidic phenomena under various working situations. With persistent research endeavor, a growing number of intriguing phenomena along this direction have been increasingly disclosed. Among the many critical issues, quantifying the hybrid flow of LMs and surrounding solutions often encounters tough challenges due to the large property differences between the two fluids, including density, electrical and fluidic characteristics, and so forth. Especially, when the electromagnetic field is involved, the problems would become ever complicated. In this article, to characterize the hybrid fluids of LM and NaOH solution under rotating magnetic field (RMF), we established a coupled three‐dimensional model considering magnetic effect on the two‐phase flow. The computational prediction of the model was validated through comparing the simulated morphological features of LM with the experimental measurements at different rotational speeds of magnetic field. Finally, two phenomena were revealed with potential applications interpreted: (1) LM would accelerate the solution due to their difference in viscosity; (2) an asymmetric flow and tunable hole formation under RMF will occur due to the surface tension redistribution on LM. The present works are expected to provide reliable guidance for quantifying the multiphase flow behaviors of hybrid fluids composed of LM and other liquids. The revealed hole size dominated LM aperture is especially useful for developing future smart optical switch and electromagnetic shielding devices.

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Section: Three-dimensional Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…wall (33) Tangential stress exists between the fluid and the wall, depending on the mesh element size m:…”

Section: Three-dimensional Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reveal the phase behavior and flow characteristics, a 3D model has been developed to investigate the flow of LM subjected to RMF using the COMSOL software. The mathematical model based on the Navier–Stokes equations in their general form (Newtonian fluid model [33, 43]) reads as [31, 36]

\rho \nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol{V}}=0,

\rho \frac{\partial {\boldsymbol{V}}}{\partial t}+\rho ({\boldsymbol{V}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol{V}}=\nabla \cdot [-p{\boldsymbol{I}}+\mu (\nabla {\boldsymbol{u}}+{(\nabla {\boldsymbol{u}})}^{{\rm T}})]+\rho {\boldsymbol{g}}+{\boldsymbol{F}}.

…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the hybrid flow and aperture forming of liquid metals immersed in NaOH solution under rotating magnetic field

Wang

Liu

2023

Applied Research

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Current Status and Outlook of Low‐Melting‐Point Metals in Biomedical Applications

Mao,

Kim,

Seo

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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In recent years, low‐melting‐point metals including liquid metals, exhibiting outstanding physical and chemical properties such as excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, high surface tension, and biocompatibility, have garnered increasing attention from researchers. The melting point of such metals profoundly influences their properties and determines their range of applications, and comprehending the characteristics and properties of low‐melting‐point metals is crucial for their future applications. Although studies related to liquid metals are growing exponentially in particular, reports exploring the properties and applications of low‐melting‐point metals from the perspective of the melting point are still in their early stages. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the key properties and relevant applications of current low‐melting‐point metals described in recent studies, focusing on gallium‐ and bismuth‐based metal alloys. In addition, this review discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with low‐melting‐point metals, and it is anticipated that this review will contribute to the advancement of low‐melting‐point materials in the fields of flexible electronics and biomedicine, particularly for biomedical applications.

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Bioinspired Liquid Metal Based Soft Humanoid Robots

Li,

Yuan,

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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The pursuit of constructing humanoid robots to replicate the anatomical structures and capabilities of human beings has been a long‐standing significant undertaking and especially garnered tremendous attention in recent years. However, despite the progress made over recent decades, humanoid robots have predominantly been confined to those rigid metallic structures, which however starkly contrast with the inherent flexibility observed in biological systems. To better innovate this area, the present article systematically explores the value and potential of liquid metals and their derivatives in facilitating a crucial transition towards soft humanoid robots. Through a comprehensive interpretation of bionics, we present an overview of liquid metals’ multifaceted roles as essential components in constructing advanced humanoid robots – functioning as soft actuators, sensors, power sources, logical devices, circuit systems, and even transformable skeletal structures. We conceived that the integration of these components with flexible structures, facilitated by the unique properties of liquid metals, can create unexpected versatile functionalities and behaviors to better fulfill human needs. Finally, we envision a revolution in humanoid robots, transitioning from metallic frameworks to hybrid soft‐rigid structures resembling that of biological tissues. This article is expected to provide fundamental guidance for the coming research, thereby advancing the area.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Liquid metal hydraulic actuation and thermal management based on rotating permanent magnets driven centrifugal pump

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Quantifying the hybrid flow and aperture forming of liquid metals immersed in NaOH solution under rotating magnetic field

Quantifying the hybrid flow and aperture forming of liquid metals immersed in NaOH solution under rotating magnetic field

Current Status and Outlook of Low‐Melting‐Point Metals in Biomedical Applications

Bioinspired Liquid Metal Based Soft Humanoid Robots

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