Liquid metals for solar power systems

Flesch, Jonathan; Niedermeier, Klarissa; Fritsch, Andreas; Мусаева, Диана Абдулаевна; Marocco, Luca; Uhlig, Ralf; Baake, Egbert; Buck, Reiner; Wetzel, Th.

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/228/1/012012

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Liquid metals and alloys have exceptional properties that make them particularly attractive for applications: potential uses include electrical energy storage and generation as, e.g., electrodes for all-liquid high capacity batteries [1] and efficient heat exchange fluids in concentrated solar power systems [2]. By virtue of their nontoxicity, low viscosity, and high thermal and electrical conductivity, low-melting point gallium-based liquid metals have applications from cooling integrated electronics to manufacturing flexible and reconfigurable electronic devices and soft robotics [3][4][5][6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural Ordering in Liquid Gallium under Extreme Conditions

et al. 2020

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The atomic-scale structure, melting curve, and equation of state of liquid gallium has been measured to high pressure (p) and high temperature (T) up to 26 GPa and 900 K by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations up to 33.4 GPa and 1000 K are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements, providing detailed insight at the level of pair distribution functions. The results reveal an absence of dimeric bonding in the liquid state and a continuous increase in average coordination numbern Ga Ga from 10.4(2) at 0.1 GPa approaching ∼12 by 25 GPa. Topological cluster analysis of the simulation trajectories finds increasing fractions of fivefold symmetric and crystalline motifs at high p-T. Although the liquid progressively resembles a hard-sphere structure towards the melting curve, the deviation from this simple description remains large (≥40%) across all p-T space, with specific motifs of different geometries strongly correlating with low local two-body excess entropy at high p-T.

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confidence: 99%

Structural Ordering in Liquid Gallium under Extreme Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, numerical simulation is an effective research method [25,26]. In this work, we present a numerical simulation on the heat transfer of liquid sodium under nonuniform heat flux.…”

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confidence: 99%

Heat-Transfer Characteristics of Liquid Sodium in a Solar Receiver Tube with a Nonuniform Heat Flux

Liu

Lei

2019

Energies

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This paper presents a numerical simulation on the heat transfer of liquid sodium in a solar receiver tube, as the liquid sodium is a promising heat-transfer candidate for the next generation solar-power-tower (SPT) system. A comparison between three mediums—solar salt, Hitec and liquid sodium—is presented under uniform and nonuniform heat-flux configurations. We studied the effects of mass flow rate (Qm), inlet temperature (Tin), and maximum heat flux (qomax), on the average heat-transfer coefficient (h) and the friction coefficient (f) of the three mediums. The results show that the h of liquid sodium is about 2.5 to 5 times than other two molten salts when Tin is varying from 550 to 800 K, Qm is 1.0 kg/s, and qomax is 0.1 MW/m2. For maximum heat fluxes from 0.1 to 0.3 MW/m2, the h of liquid sodium is always an order of magnitude larger than that of Hitec and Solar-Salt (S-S), while maintaining a small friction coefficient.

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“…Sodium metal finds wide applications as a coolant/heat exchanger in the area of nuclear energy mainly Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) 1 and solar power plants 2 due to its favourable physical and chemical properties. Sodium is also a main component in sodium battery production, 3 syntheses of NaH, NaBH 4 , NaN 3 etc, [4][5][6] production of Ti, Zr, Hf and Ta metal, 7,8 food industries 9 and 22 Na isotope as a positron source in Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS).…”

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An Indirect Method for the Estimation of Sodium Vapour Concentration Using an Online Oxygen Sensor

Kundu,

Ravindranath,

Ganesan

et al. 2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An online method is developed for the estimation of sodium vapour concentration in a confined volume using an oxygen sensor. First, the sodium vapour is made to react with a known amount of oxygen and the change in oxygen concentration in the presence and absence of the sodium vapour are measured using a YSZ-based potentiometric sensor. The sodium vapour concentration in the confined volume is then calculated from the consumed oxygen concentration. This methodology utilizes an indirect way for the estimation of sodium vapour concentration.

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Liquid metals for solar power systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Structural Ordering in Liquid Gallium under Extreme Conditions

Structural Ordering in Liquid Gallium under Extreme Conditions

Heat-Transfer Characteristics of Liquid Sodium in a Solar Receiver Tube with a Nonuniform Heat Flux

An Indirect Method for the Estimation of Sodium Vapour Concentration Using an Online Oxygen Sensor

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