Liquid‐phase based separation systems for depletion, prefractionation, and enrichment of proteins in biological fluids and matrices for in‐depth proteomics analysis—An update covering the period 2014–2016

Abstract

This review article is an update of our previous one by C. Puangpila, E. Mayadunne, and Z. El Rassi, Electrophoresis 2015, 36, 238-252. Similarly to the previous article, this review has two main topics, including (i) proteomic sample preparation (e.g., depletion of high-abundance proteins, reduction of the protein dynamic concentration range, and enrichment of a particular subproteome), and (ii) the subsequent chromatographic and/or electrophoretic prefractionation prior to protein separation and identification by LC-MS/MS. More than 70 papers published in the period extending from mid-2014 to the present have been reviewed. Although an effort was made to yield a comprehensive review article, one may safely state that this review article is by no means thorough, and the aim was to rather provide a concise description of the latest developments in the field.

Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2015–mid 2017)

“…Liquid phase based separation systems for depleition, prefractionation, and enrichments of proteins and peptides in biofluids and matrices for in‐depth proteomic analyses were thoroughly reviewed by El Rassi et al. . Special reviews and papers deal with the particular sample clean‐up techniques, such as SPE , solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) , electromembrane extraction , selective electromembrane extraction based on isoelectric point , magneto‐immuno capture , and on‐line electrodriven sample‐stacking techniques .…”

Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Proteomics Spotlight on ALS and Parkinson’s Disease

“…This is challenging, since most instruments can measure a range of up to 5 orders of magnitude, with bias towards the most abundant proteins, while proteins in plasma span 10 orders in magnitude, with disease-specific proteins being lower in abundance. The depletion of the most abundant proteins [ 73 , 74 ], the enrichment of proteins of interest with antibodies [ 75 ], and deep offline fractionation are commonly used methods [ 75 ] to identify low-abundance disease-relevant proteins. While these methods increase depth, they result in lower throughput [ 76 ].…”

Review of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analyses of Body Fluids to Diagnose Infectious Diseases

“…Alternative methods to simplify sample complexity, such as fractionation, have been applied optionally, which increases the number of LC-MS/MS runs. The advantages and disadvantages of each fractionation method have been described well previously [18,45,47].…”