Liquid phase hydroxylation of benzene to phenol over vanadyl acetylacetonate supported on amine functionalized SBA-15

Abstract

An efficient catalyst for the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with oxygen as the oxidant was developed by immobilizing the homogeneous vanadyl(IV) acetylacetonate (VO(acac) 2 ) on SBA-15 in which the support surface was functionalized by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by various techniques including field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the homogeneous vanadium species can be successfully immobilized on the amine functionalized SBA-15 and exhibits better catalytic performance in the hydroxylation of benzene with oxygen compared to other catalysts reported in the literature. The phenol yield significantly depends on the reaction conditions. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the phenol yield can reach 13.3 %, and the asfabricated V/NH 2 -SBA-15 shows better stability against leaching owning to strong interaction between vanadium atoms and amine group as compared to the V/SBA-15 sample.

Controllable Synthesis of Pd-ZIF-L-GO: The Role of Drying Temperature

“…1,2 In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts (such as supported catalysts) can be easily separated from the reaction solution and reused many times, which have been paid much attention and applied in different reaction systems like hydrogenation, 3 oxidation, 4 ammonia oxidation, 5 and hydroxylation. 6 Various solid supports like Al 2 O 3 , 7 TiO 2 , 8 CeO 2 , 9 metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), 10 zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), 11 and ceramic membranes 12 have been developed for fabricating heterogeneous catalysts. The supports significantly affect the microstructures of the active components including the content, surface area, dispersion, particle size, and the interaction with the supports, thereby influencing the corresponding catalytic performance.…”

“…Catalysts play an important role in many industries, especially in the chemical industry, which can be divided into homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts. Although homogeneous catalysts often have higher catalytic activity, they are difficult to recover from the reaction solution, so their industrial application is limited. , In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts (such as supported catalysts) can be easily separated from the reaction solution and reused many times, which have been paid much attention and applied in different reaction systems like hydrogenation, oxidation, ammonia oxidation, and hydroxylation . Various solid supports like Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , CeO 2 , metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), and ceramic membranes have been developed for fabricating heterogeneous catalysts.…”

Current advances in the utility of functionalized SBA mesoporous silica for developing encapsulated nanocatalysts: state of the art

“…5) for the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol in the presence of oxygen as the oxidant. 97 The authors believed that the reaction condition could dramatically affect the yield of the desired product. Optimizing the reaction condition, 13.3% phenol was obtained.…”

Rational Design of First-Row Transition Metal Complexes as the Catalysts for Oxidation of Arenes: A Homogeneous Approach

“…Although significant efforts have been made in vanadium-based heterogeneous catalysis, − the employment of homogeneous vanadium complexes for benzene hydroxylation is few and far between. Long ago, the reactivity of the vanadium­(V)-peroxo complex [V­(O)­(O 2 )­(PIC)­(H 2 O) 2 ] stabilized by picolinic acid ligand (PIC) was probed for benzene oxidation .…”