Liquid-phase microextraction techniques based on ionic liquids for preconcentration and determination of metals

Solvent bar micro-extraction with graphite atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of silver in ocean water

“…Despite the potential of 3HFLPME for metals pre-concentration, its application to routine determination of metals in seawater is limited by the loss of organic solution from the fiber pores with time [22].…”

“…RTILs have been used to enhance pre-concentration of several metals as Au, Cd, Cr, Ni, or Pb [24,[26][27][28]. This is supported by higher viscosity, temperature stability, low volatility and negligible miscibility in water for RTILs [22]. Particular interest must be paid in the case of functional ionic liquids, which can be used not only as additives but also as the extractant [29].…”

Ionic liquid coated carbon nanospheres as a new adsorbent for fast solid phase extraction of trace copper and lead from sea water, wastewater, street dust and spice samples

“…Therefore this stage aims both analyte preconcentration and minimization of sample complexity after eliminating most matrix interferences before introduction into the analytical instrument [11,12]. ILs have been used in DLLME as extraction solvents for the preconcentration and separation of a number of organic pollutants and metal ions [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Magnetic retrieval of ionic liquid formed during in situ metathesis dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction–preconcentration of selected endocrine disrupting phenols from an enlarged sample volume

“…There are many applications of ILs in analytical chemistry. 9 They are used as stationary phases in gas and liquid chromatography or capillary wall modifiers in capillary electrophoresis [10][11][12][13][14] , as mobile phase additives in liquid chromatography 11,15 , as background electrolyte in capillary electrophoresis 11,16,17 , as solvents for spectroscopy 18,19 or as solvents in extraction and microextraction 11,[20][21][22][23] .…”

“…BmimPF 6 was used for coating fused silica capillary fiber which was applied for isolation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ILs were also used in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) 23 were injected into the sample. As a result 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BmimNTf 2 ) was formed which extracted aromatic compounds being analysed.…”