Liquid refractive index sensor based on slow light in slotted photonic crystal waveguide

Zhang, Yanan; Zhao, Yong; Wang, Qi; Xue, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.03.131

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For refractive-index sensing, the shift is shown in figure 11. PhCWs were tested using varying refractive index and plane wave expansion (PWE) [123] and 3D FDTD [122]. The refractive indices from 1 to 1.5 were tested and band-diagram was observed.…”

Section: B Liquid Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow-Light Enhanced Liquid and Gas Sensing Using 2-D Photonic Crystal Line Waveguides—A Review

Singhal

Paprotny

2022

IEEE Sensors J.

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Photonic Crystals (PhCs) are periodically structured dielectric materials that have attracted significant research interest in the last two decades for their ability to slow down group velocity of a propagating pulse envelope with promising sensing applications. This review paper discusses the properties of two-dimensional (2D) PhCs including the slow-light phenomenon, band-gap generation and application of these properties for gas and liquid sensing. Waveguide generation by introducing defects with light guiding and confinement is discussed. Additionally, for 2D PhC line waveguides, a comprehensive review on slow-light principle and phenomenon of slow-light enhanced sensing for gases and liquids is discussed. One-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) PhCs are also reviewed for band-gap generation and defects in PhCs along with present fabrication challenges and future trends. Our study highlights an increase in the detection capabilities of PhC based sensors paving way for high sensitivity detectors with applications in ubiquitous monitoring of gases and liquids.

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Section: B Liquid Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow-Light Enhanced Liquid and Gas Sensing Using 2-D Photonic Crystal Line Waveguides—A Review

Singhal

Paprotny

2022

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…Label-free PC-based sensors among their other counter parts have attracted researcher's attention due to the large degree of freedom in design and optimization which provides small mode volume, high sensitivity, high Q-factor, fast response, and compact size in sensing of material with limited amount of sample or for single particle detection [14][15][16]. Efficient light-matter interaction is one of the main requirements for sensitivity enhancement in optical sensors which can be fulfilled by high power optical lasers or slow light mechanism [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optical and geometrical parameters of the sensor can be adjusted to accomplish this requirement for sensing applications. Many PC-based refractive index sensors implementing slow light phenomenon have been reported using slot waveguides, ring resonators, and cavities [6,17,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow light-based refractive index sensor in single mode photonic crystal waveguide

Barough¹,

Noori²,

Abbasiyan³

2021

Phys. Scr.

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Here, a slow light-based refractive index sensor has been presented in a hole-type 2D hexagonal lattice photonic crystal waveguide by insertion of only four defect holes inside the channel. The width of the channel has been optimized to provide single mode operation and large free spectral range. Also, the performance of the sensor with and without introducing the central cavity inside the channel have been regarded for different radii of defects. The proposed sensor presents the highest sensitivity and detection range of 126 nm/RIU and 1–2.2, respectively for the detection based on band edge shift. The defects inside the channel have been introduced to obtain high Q-factor by defect radii tailoring. The highest average Q-factor and sensitivity of 1570 and 249.5 have been obtained for defect hole with radius of rc = 0.34a. The study has been carried out by plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain analysis. There is a good agreement between the results and the study proves the effect of slow light on the enhancement of light-matter interaction and sensitivity. The proposed structures can find potential applications in gas or liquid detection in medical and biochemical fields.

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“…[ 13–15 ] Slow light mechanism and the enhancement of local field intensity in the sensing area could be regarded to achieve high sensitivity and compact sensors due to improved light–matter interaction. [ 16,17,18,19 ] The slope of bands in dispersion diagram is proportional to group velocity which approaches zero for flat bands at the edges of the Brillouin zone, resulting in slow‐light. So far, many optical devices such as delay lines, buffers, or interferometers have been introduced based on slow‐light in compact size, since specific amount of phase delay occurs in shorter distances with reduction of the speed of light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Collimation and Slow Light‐Based Refractive Index Sensor with a Large Detection Range

2021

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In this study, a refractive index sensor based on self‐collimation and slow light is presented which operates in the Mid‐IR range (4 µm < λ < 4.133 µm). Here, the square and hexagonal arrays are merged as the background platform and the sensing area, respectively to provide self‐collimation and slow light properties. Three sensors based on slow‐light and self‐collimation are presented in detail which provide Q‐factor, sensitivity, and detection range of 227, 104 nm RIU−1, and 1–1.7, respectively in the best case. Furthermore, the sensor design based on self‐collimation and photonic bandgap phenomena in the background platform and the sensing area, respectively is presented with a single detection unit. The presented sensors are capable of gas or liquid detection with refractive indices in the range of 1–2 with enhanced Q‐factor and sensitivity of over 620 and 123, respectively.

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Liquid refractive index sensor based on slow light in slotted photonic crystal waveguide

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Slow-Light Enhanced Liquid and Gas Sensing Using 2-D Photonic Crystal Line Waveguides—A Review

Slow-Light Enhanced Liquid and Gas Sensing Using 2-D Photonic Crystal Line Waveguides—A Review

Slow light-based refractive index sensor in single mode photonic crystal waveguide

Self‐Collimation and Slow Light‐Based Refractive Index Sensor with a Large Detection Range

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