Liquid saturation evaluation in organic-rich unconventional reservoirs: A comprehensive review

Nikolaev, Mikhail Y.; Kazak, Andrey

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.05.012

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…MRI image sets of Berea sandstone, Indiana Limestone, and Madison Limestone were collected using the ZTE pulse sequence 1,3,16 . These images were processed and analyzed as described for glass beads.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assist this process, we combined image analysis and processing with PCA to analyze pore‐space connectivity. The resulting workflow was tested on artificial and natural porous media such as glass‐bead packs, sandstone and carbonate lithologies exhibiting a variety of pore distributions 1,3,4,16 . We began by using a porous medium consisting of 4‐mm borosilicate glass beads submerged in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of ZTE MRI application to sandstone and carbonate

et al. 2020

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Microtomography (μCT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been used to characterize porous media for decades. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables direct visualization of pore architecture and many pulse sequences exist. In this work, we tested the MRI pulse sequence Zero Echo Time (ZTE) to study sandstone and carbonate for its ability to address short relaxation times. We aimed at resolving two fluid conduit scales, that is, pores and fractures. In this research, we study tighter porous systems than those previously reported using ZTE. Additionally, pore cluster analysis (PCA), combined with ZTE, can be used to analyze pore‐fracture connectivity of relatively large core plugs. We show that ZTE can resolve two‐scale pore systems simultaneously, that is, fractures and pores. By combining time‐domain NMR pore‐size analysis and PCA, we show that careful selection of resolution is necessary to understand transport in porous media.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ZTE MRI application to sandstone and carbonate

et al. 2020

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“…MRI image sets of Berea sandstone, Indiana Limestone, and Madison Limestone, with pore spaces tighter than other cores previously reported in the literature [1,3,14], were collected using the ZTE pulse sequence. These images were processed and analyzed using the Mathematica notebook described previously.…”

Section: Mri Glass Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary goal of the work described herein is to test the ability of ZTE, combined with PCA, to resolve both pores and fractures in rock cores with a variety of pore distributions [1,3,4,14], such as sandstone and carbonate lithologies. We initially use a porous medium consisting of 4-mm glass beads submerged in water to test the efficiency and accuracy of a PCA protocol implemented through an in-house developed Wolfram Mathematica 12.0 notebook.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ZTE MRI Application to Sandstone and Carbonate

Covington

Goroncy

Lehmann

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Techniques such as micro-tomography (μCT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been used to characterize porous media for decades. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers direct visualization of pore architecture through a vast number of pulse sequences. In this work, we tested the MRI pulse sequence Zero Echo Time (ZTE) in the study of sandstone and carbonate. ZTE has been used previously to image highly porous geological material with relative success. In this research, ZTE was used to study porous systems tighter than those previously reported. We show that ZTE can resolve not only pore systems, but also a combination of fractures and pores simultaneously. Additionally, Pore Cluster Analysis (PCA), combined with ZTE, can be used to analyze connectivity of relatively large volume core plugs. By combining Time-Domain NMR pore-size analysis and PCA, we show that careful selection of resolution is necessary to understand transport in porous media.

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“…Large scale hydrocarbons produce from conventional reservoirs, but unconventional reservoirs still serve as the reliable formations to obtain oil and gas, such as tight reservoirs and shale reservoirs [1][2][3]. Hydraulic fracturing horizontal well is one of the most effective approaches to enhance well productivity in tight or low-permeability reservoirs, where non-fractured wells in these reservoirs are of no economic value [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity analysis for a horizontal well with multiple reorientation fractures in an anisotropic reservoir

Wang

Fan

Zhao

et al. 2020

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Reorientation fractures may be formed in soft and shallow formations during fracturing stimulation and then affect well productivity. The principal focus of this study is on the productivity analysis for a horizontal well with multiple reorientation fractures in an anisotropic reservoir. Combining the nodal analysis technique and fracture-wing method, a semi-analytical model for a horizontal well with multiple finite-conductivity reorientation fractures was established to calculate its dimensionless productivity index and derivative for production evaluation. A classic case in the literature was selected to verify the accuracy of our semi-analytical solution and the verification indicates this new solution is reliable. Results show that for a fixed fracture configuration the dimensionless productivity index of the proposed model first goes up and then remains constant with the increase of fracture conductivity, and optimal fracture conductivity can be determined on derivative curves. Strong permeability anisotropy is a negative factor for well production and the productivity index gradually decreases with the increase of anisotropic factor. As principal fracture angle goes up, horizontal well’s productivity index increases correspondingly. However, the effect of reoriented fracture angle on the productivity index is not as strong as that of principal fracture angle. When reoriented fracture angle is smaller than principal fracture angle, reoriented factor should be as low as possible to achieve optimal productivity index. Meanwhile, well productivity index rises up with the increase of fracture number and fracture spacing, but the horizontal well has optimal reorientation fracture number and fracture spacing to get the economical productivity. Furthermore, the influence of the rotation of one central reorientation fracture on productivity index is weaker than that caused by the rotation of one external reorientation fracture. In addition, the asymmetrical distribution of one or more reorientation fractures slightly affects the productivity index when fracture conductivity is high enough.

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Liquid saturation evaluation in organic-rich unconventional reservoirs: A comprehensive review

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Analysis of ZTE MRI application to sandstone and carbonate

Analysis of ZTE MRI application to sandstone and carbonate

Analysis of ZTE MRI Application to Sandstone and Carbonate

Productivity analysis for a horizontal well with multiple reorientation fractures in an anisotropic reservoir

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