Liquid Scintillation Analysis: Principles and Practice

L’Annunziata, Michael F.; Kessler, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/b978-012436603-9/50010-7

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…234,238 U activity concentration was determined using a photon/electron rejecting alpha liquid scintillation (PERALS) liquid scintillation spectrometer with alpha-beta separation from ORDELA (Oak Ridge, TN, USA) [ 39 ]. 210 Po activity concentration was determined using alpha spectrometry with surface barrier silicon PIPS detectors from Canberra (Meriden, CT, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Human Health Risk by Metal(loid)s, 234,238U and 210Po due to Consumption of Fish from the “Luis L. Leon” Reservoir (Northern México)

Luna-Porres

Rodríguez-Villa

Herrera-Peraza

et al. 2014

IJERPH

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Concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn and activity concentrations from 234,238U and 210Po in water, fillet, liver and gills were determined in three stocked fish species from the Luis L. Leon reservoir, located in Northern Mexico. The considered species were Lepomis cyanellus, Cyprinus carpio and Ictalurus furcatus. 238U and 234U activity concentration (AC) in fillet samples showed values of 0.007–0.014 and 0.01–0.02 Bq∙kg−1 wet weight (ww), respectively. Liver samples for L. cyanellus, C. carpio and I. furcatus present 210Po AC of 1.16–3.26, 0.70–1.13 and 0.93–1.37 Bq∙kg−1 ww. Arsenic, mercury and lead concentration intervals in fillet samples were 0.13–0.39, 0.005–0.126 and 0.009–0.08 mg∙kg−1 ww, respectively, while in gill samples they were 0.11–0.43, 0.002–0.039 and 0.02–0.26 mg∙kg−1 ww. The elemental Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) for fish tissues with respect to their concentrations in water was determined. L. cyanellus showed the highest BAF values for As and total U, being BAFAs = 37 and 40 L∙kg−1 in fillet and gills, respectively, and BAFU total = 1.5 L∙kg−1 in fillet. I. furcatus showed the highest BAF values for Hg and Pb, being BAFHg = 40 and 13 L∙kg−1 in fillet and gills, and BAFPb = 6.5 and 22 L∙kg−1 in fillet and gills, respectively. Some metal(loid) concentrations are slightly higher than European regulations for fish fillets. The difference in concentrations of metal(loid)s in fillet among the studied species is probably due to their differences in diet and habitat.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After that, uranium was extracted using URAEX scintillation cocktail [ 16 , 44 ]. Finally, in order to improve energy resolution, the sample in the scintillation vial was bubbled with a gas mixture of argon and toluene (for extraction of dissolved oxygen) [ 39 ]. The chemical yield of the analysis ranged from 88% to 96%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Human Health Risk by Metal(loid)s, 234,238U and 210Po due to Consumption of Fish from the “Luis L. Leon” Reservoir (Northern México)

Luna-Porres

Rodríguez-Villa

Herrera-Peraza

et al. 2014

IJERPH

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“…Current best practice typically requires the use of two PMTs to perform coincidence processing on events to determine whether the event is due to scintillation in the vial [12] or arises from either Fig. 3.…”

Section: Vial With Pmtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical design considerations for efficient light collection from liquid scintillation counters

et al. 2015

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Liquid scintillation counters measure charged particle-emitting radioactive isotopes and are used for environmental studies, nuclear chemistry, and life science. Alpha and beta emissions arising from the material under study interact with the scintillation cocktail to produce light. The prototypical liquid scintillation counter employs low-level photon-counting detectors to measure the arrival of the scintillation. For reliable operation, the counting instrument must convey the scintillation light to the detectors efficiently and predictably. Current best practices employ the use of two or more detectors for coincidence processing to discriminate true scintillation events from background events due to instrumental effects such as photomultiplier tube dark rates, tube flashing, or other light emission not generated in the scintillation cocktail vial. In low-background liquid scintillation counters, additional attention is paid to shielding the scintillation cocktail from naturally occurring radioactive material present in the laboratory and within the instrument's construction materials. Low-background design is generally at odds with optimal light collection. This study presents the evolution of a light collection design for liquid scintillation counting (LSC) in a low-background shield. The basic approach to achieve both good light collection and a low-background measurement is described. The baseline signals arising from the scintillation vial are modeled and methods to efficiently collect scintillation light are presented as part of the development of a customized low-background, high-sensitivity LSC system.

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“…In other cases, the exclusion method [12] was used: two counting windows were selected, the first region (5-700) included the whole spectrum of 90 Sr and the lower energies of 90 Y and the second region (701-1024) covered the rest of 90 Y spectrum. The counting efficiencies of both radionuclides were calculated for different geometries (volume of scintillation cocktail and sample) using a 90 Sr-90 Y equilibrium solution standardized by the CIEMAT-NIST method [13]. The values found for 90 Sr and 90 Y were 98% and 99.8% respectively when 15 mL cocktail + 50 µL sample were used and 97% and 98% for 16 mL cocktail and 4 mL sample.…”

Section: Liquid Scintillation Counting Of 90 Sr and 90 Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

An adapted purification procedure to improve the quality of ⁹⁰Y for clinical use

Castillo¹,

Isaac‐Olivé²,

Casanova‐González³

et al. 2009

Radiochimica Acta

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90 Y separation / 90 Sr/ 90 Y chromatographic generator / 90 Y for clinical use / 90 Y purification / Ion exchange chromatography Summary. There is an increasing interest for 90 Y for radionuclide therapy. However, radioimmunotherapy, one of the most important applications for 90 Y, demands a very high purity product. Obtaining a high quality 90 Y is difficult not only because of the complex and time consuming production schemes but also because of the quality control which has challenging tasks like the determination of 90 Sr at very low concentrations. The present paper investigates a reported purification procedure for the removal of stable metal trace contaminants from an 90 Y solution, seeking for its potential use in the elimination of the radioactive contaminant 90 Sr and its fast determination. For this purpose a washing step with HNO 3 acid is introduced to elute 90 Sr, the order of each acid solution is rearranged to reduce the potential contaminants present in acids and the size of the column is reduced to further optimize the procedure. As a result, an improved purification method is obtained, which allows the removal of both trace metal contaminants and 90 Sr from an 90 Y solution and the measurement of 90 Sr/ 90 Y ratios of the order of 10 −7 , which are well below the established pharmacopeia limit of 2 × 10 −5 .

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Liquid Scintillation Analysis: Principles and Practice

Cited by 24 publications

References 233 publications

Potential Human Health Risk by Metal(loid)s, 234,238U and 210Po due to Consumption of Fish from the “Luis L. Leon” Reservoir (Northern México)

Potential Human Health Risk by Metal(loid)s, 234,238U and 210Po due to Consumption of Fish from the “Luis L. Leon” Reservoir (Northern México)

Optical design considerations for efficient light collection from liquid scintillation counters

An adapted purification procedure to improve the quality of ⁹⁰Y for clinical use

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Liquid Scintillation Analysis: Principles and Practice

Cited by 24 publications

References 233 publications

Potential Human Health Risk by Metal(loid)s, 234,238U and 210Po due to Consumption of Fish from the “Luis L. Leon” Reservoir (Northern México)

Potential Human Health Risk by Metal(loid)s, 234,238U and 210Po due to Consumption of Fish from the “Luis L. Leon” Reservoir (Northern México)

Optical design considerations for efficient light collection from liquid scintillation counters

An adapted purification procedure to improve the quality of 90Y for clinical use

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Product

Resources

About

An adapted purification procedure to improve the quality of ⁹⁰Y for clinical use