Liquid scintillation analysis: principles and practice

L’Annunziata, Michael F.; Tarancón, A.; Bagán, H.; Garcı́a, J.F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814397-1.00006-6

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 863 publications

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“…The LiFTiT neutron spectrum was measured by two independent methods; activation foil irradiation, a technique that we used in the 6 He production experiment at ISOLDE (Section 3.3.1 and [72], En up to 100 MeV), but with foils that are appropriate to lower neutron energy range (up to 20 MeV), and in-beam measurement by an NE-213 liquid scintillator (LS) [83] that is known for its good efficiency for fast-neutrons and good separation between neutrons and gammas. Nonetheless, during the experiment we placed a 5 cm thick lead shield in front of the LS, in order to block most of the intense prompt gamma emission.…”

Section: High Energy Neutron Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF): Overview, research programs and future plans

Mardor¹,

Aviv²,

Avrigeanu³

et al. 2018

Eur. Phys. J. A

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The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) is under construction in the Soreq Nuclear Research Center at Yavne, Israel. When completed at the beginning of the next decade, SARAF will be a user facility for basic and applied nuclear physics, based on a 40 MeV, 5 mA CW proton/deuteron superconducting linear accelerator. Phase I of SARAF (SARAF-I, 4 MeV, 2mA CW protons, 5 MeV 1mA CW deuterons) is already in operation, generating scientific results in several fields of interest. The main ongoing program at SARAF-I is the production of 30 keV neutrons and measurement of Maxwellian Averaged Cross Sections (MACS), important for the astrophysical s-process. The world leading Maxwellian epithermal neutron yield at SARAF-I (5×10 10 epithermal neutrons/sec), generated by a novel Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT), enables improved precision of known MACSs, and new measurements of lowabundance and radioactive isotopes. Research plans for SARAF-II span several disciplines: Precision studies of beyond-Standard-Model effects by trapping light exotic radioisotopes, such as 6 He, 8 Li and 18,19,23 Ne, in unprecedented amounts (including meaningful studies already at SARAF-I); extended nuclear astrophysics research with higher energy neutrons, including generation and studies of exotic neutron-rich isotopes relevant to the rapid (r-) process; nuclear structure of exotic isotopes; high energy neutron cross sections for basic nuclear physics and material science research, including neutron induced radiation damage; neutron based imaging and therapy; and novel radiopharmaceuticals development and production.

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Section: High Energy Neutron Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF): Overview, research programs and future plans

Mardor¹,

Aviv²,

Avrigeanu³

et al. 2018

Eur. Phys. J. A

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“…When they react with b-particles, a large amount of fluorescence is produced. PMTs are not sensitive to the fluorescence wavelength of aromatic solvents; thus, the scintillator absorbs solvent energy and quickly detects light (L’Annunziata et al , 2020 ). The gross a and b activities can be measured using LSC (Desideri et al , 2007 ).…”

Section: Methods Of Diagnosis and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and measurement of radioactive substances in water and food: a narrative review

Asadi Touranlou,

Moghimani,

Marhamati

et al. 2024

Ital J Food Safety

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Contamination of food and water with radioactive substances is a serious health problem. There are several methods to detect and measure radioactive materials, some of which have been developed in recent years. This paper aims to discuss the methods of detecting and measuring radioactive substances in food and water. The principles and the advantages and disadvantages of each method have been discussed. The results showed that some of these methods, such as spectrometry γ-ray high purity germanium, portable radon gas surveyor SILENA, RAD7, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, have a higher sensitivity for detection and measurement. Also, the spectrometry γ-ray high purity germanium method has attracted more attention than other methods because it can measure a wide range of radionuclides with high resolution.

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“…The principle of this system is based on the idea that the β particles transfer some of their energy to the scintillation cocktail during their emission in the device [ 54 , 55 ]. In a few nanoseconds, the excited molecules that are part of the scintillator release this energy through light quanta [ 56 ]. In commercial scintillation cocktails, the energy is transferred from the primary scintillator to the secondary (wavelength-shifting) scintillator, releasing photons with wavelengths between 400 and 420 nanometers (see Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Radiopharmaceutical Radiometric Counters and Preclinical Ima...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, these photons are directed toward a quartz window connected to the photomultiplier, which emits an electrical impulse every time it is excited by a photon, with a frequency proportional to the radioisotope activity and an intensity proportional to the incoming photon energy [ 63 , 64 ]. Another technical feature of the crystals in terms of efficiency is the ratio between the actual activity of the radioactive source (expressed in disintegrations per minute—dpm) and the number of current pulses (expressed in counts per minute—cpm) as the output of the photomultiplier [ 56 ]. Efficiency values depend on the crystal size and other factors related to the radiation energy.…”

Section: Radiopharmaceutical Radiometric Counters and Preclinical Ima...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a difference between tumor-associated macrophages [ 136 ] and other types of macrophages associated with inflammation due to the fact that, in addition to having a peculiar phenotype [ 137 ], they exhibit massive expression of the triggering receptor expressed marker on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) [ 138 , 139 ]. Chen et al [ 56 ] identified COG1410, apolipoprotein mimetic peptides, as a ligand for TREM-2. Shi, Dai, et al [ 140 ] conducted an experiment using [ 68 Ga]NOTA-COG1410 as a specific radioligand targeting TREM-2, to distinguish tumors from inflammation.…”

Section: Validation Of Radiopharmaceuticals In Vitro By γ-Countermentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of In Vitro Assays of 64Cu-, 68Ga-, 125I-, and 99mTc-Labelled Radiopharmaceuticals Using Radiometric Counters in the Era of Radiotheranostics

et al. 2023

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Radionuclides are unstable isotopes that mainly emit alpha (α), beta (β) or gamma (γ) radiation through radiation decay. Therefore, they are used in the biomedical field to label biomolecules or drugs for diagnostic imaging applications, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and/or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A growing field of research is the development of new radiopharmaceuticals for use in cancer treatments. Preclinical studies are the gold standard for translational research. Specifically, in vitro radiopharmaceutical studies are based on the use of radiopharmaceuticals directly on cells. To date, radiometric β- and γ-counters are the only tools able to assess a preclinical in vitro assay with the aim of estimating uptake, retention, and release parameters, including time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity and kinetic parameters. This review has been designed for researchers, such as biologists and biotechnologists, who would like to approach the radiobiology field and conduct in vitro assays for cellular radioactivity evaluations using radiometric counters. To demonstrate the importance of in vitro radiopharmaceutical assays using radiometric counters with a view to radiogenomics, many studies based on 64Cu-, 68Ga-, 125I-, and 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals have been revised and summarized in this manuscript.

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Liquid scintillation analysis: principles and practice

Cited by 21 publications

References 863 publications

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF): Overview, research programs and future plans

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF): Overview, research programs and future plans

Detection and measurement of radioactive substances in water and food: a narrative review

An Overview of In Vitro Assays of 64Cu-, 68Ga-, 125I-, and 99mTc-Labelled Radiopharmaceuticals Using Radiometric Counters in the Era of Radiotheranostics

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