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Hayes, F. Newton; Williams, Dudley; Rogers, Betty

doi:10.1103/physrev.92.512.2

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The greatest number of radiocarbon dates has so far been determined by Libby and collaborators at the University of Chicago (38,43,381,382,283,385), although extensive measurements have also been made by Kulp and collaborators at Columbia University (350,352). Radiocarbon dating laboratories are in preparation as follows: Universities of Saskatche wan (32), Manitoba (33) , Pennsylvania, California, Colorado, and Texas (31), Carnegie Institute of Technology (169), Los Alamos Scientific Labo ratory (212,256), United States Geological Survey (532,533), Magnolia Petroleum Company (95), Germany (186) , The Netherlands (167,168), England (55,125), and Norway (240) . Radiocarbon dating laboratories are in preparation as follows: Universities of Saskatche wan (32), Manitoba (33) , Pennsylvania, California, Colorado, and Texas (31), Carnegie Institute of Technology (169), Los Alamos Scientific Labo ratory (212,256), United States Geological Survey (532,533), Magnolia Petroleum Company (95), Germany (186) , The Netherlands (167,168), England (55,125), and Norway (240) .…”

Section: Radiocarbon Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radioactivity in Geology and Cosmology

Kohman¹,

Saito²

1954

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Sci.

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The study of natural radioactivity has experienced a substantial revival in recent years. One reason is the general increase in importance and popu larity of all aspects of nuclear science, with this branch partaking of its share. The practical importance as raw materials for nuclear energy of uranium and thorium, which are the parents of most of the known natural radionuclides, has stimulated a study of the properties and occurrences of the latter. It has also been realized that natural radioactivity is a phenome non of considerably greater variety and more general incidence than had been believed previously (339,340,379). .The well established and newly discovered geological ramifications of the occurrence of radioactivity in nature have induced considerable numbers of earth scientists to employ nuclear tools in their studies. The natural occur I The preparation of this paper has been assisted by the United States Atomic Energy Commission through its support of nuclear chemistry research at Carnegie Institute of Technology. ! The following abbreviations are used in this chapter: dis. (disintegration); m.y. (million years) ; B.P. (before present) .

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Section: Radiocarbon Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suess has obtained a contemporary carbon rate of 10 counts/min. Scintillation counting is also being applied to natural radiocarbon meas urement (33,34,40,SO,256), the sample carbon being incorporated into a solvent or solute of a liquid scintillator. Crathorn has obtained over 34 counts/min.…”

Section: Radiocarbon Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactivity in Geology and Cosmology

Kohman¹,

Saito²

1954

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Sci.

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“…In the latter method the benzene is produced in 75 per cent yield and is chemically pure, suitable for direct use as the scintillator solvent. Hayes et al (1953Hayes et al ( b, 1960 have used/7-cymene, synthesized by the conversion of the terpenes in natural vegetable oils, in a world-wide survey of contemporary C14 (see Section 8.2. ).…”

Section: Incorporation Of the Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Organic Scintillators

Birks

1964

The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting

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Tritium und ¹⁴C Direktmarkierung und Flüssigkeits‐Szintillations‐Spektrometrie

Scharpenseel

1959

Angewandte Chemie

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Bromierung des Methylathers XVII ergab in rasch verlaufender Reaktion ein Gemisch, aus welchem sich chro-Schema 4 matographisch neben nicht kristalli-xx Fp 157 "C 227(s), 246, 346 mp (4,38/4,45/4,26) 16188, 1605(s)*, 15706 em-* 67,15/6,59 %IN 3,99 % *) Isomerer Methylather XXIa: Fp 140 "C 232(s), 242, 355 mp (4,40/4,41/4,16) 1620m, 1597%, 15708 cm-l 67,23/6,57 %/N 3,93 % Das zur Gewinnung von authentischem X I X verwendete (&)-Desacetyl-colchicein X X ist durch Racemisierung von N-Benzyliden-(-)-desacetyl-colchicein zuganglichla). Das daraus bereitete (*)-Desacetyl-isocolchicin-amid lie6 sich durch alkalische Hydrolyse wieder in (&)-Desacetyl-colchicein zuruckfuhren. Da iiberdies letztere Verbindung bereits durch H . Corrodi und E . Hardegger16) in (-)-Colchicin uberfiihrt worden war, liegt somit eine Totalsynthese des Colchicins vorl?). W i r danken der C I B A Aktiengesellschaft inBasel fur die Unterstutzung dieser Arbeif. [A 9951 Eingegangen am 23. September 1959 la) H . Corrodi u. E . Hardegger, Helv. chim. Acta 40, 194 [1957]. 17) Prof. E. van Tamelen, University of Wisconsin, hat uns dieser Tage rnitgeteilt, daD auch in seinem Laboratorium Desacetylamino-colchicein XIV totalsynthetisch erhalten worden 1st. Die Herstellung l4C-oder 3H-markierter organischer Verbindungen durch chemische Synthese erfordert meist einen groBen experimentellen Aufwand. Daher sind Verfahren zur direkten Markierung fertiger Substanzen von groBem Interesse. -Die geringe Zerfallsenergie (18' keV) des 3H bringt Schwierigkeiten bei der quantitativen Bestimmung dieses lsotops mit sich. FIussigkeit%SzintiIlations-Spektrometer sind einfach zu handhaben und arbeiten mit guten MeBausbeuten, wodurch eine breitere Anwendung des 3H zu Markierungsvenuchen moglich wird. Die direkten Markierungsmethoden

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Liquid Scintillation Counting of NaturalC14

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Radioactivity in Geology and Cosmology

Radioactivity in Geology and Cosmology

Applications of Organic Scintillators

Tritium und ¹⁴C Direktmarkierung und Flüssigkeits‐Szintillations‐Spektrometrie

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Liquid Scintillation Counting of NaturalC14

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Radioactivity in Geology and Cosmology

Radioactivity in Geology and Cosmology

Applications of Organic Scintillators

Tritium und 14C Direktmarkierung und Flüssigkeits‐Szintillations‐Spektrometrie

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Tritium und ¹⁴C Direktmarkierung und Flüssigkeits‐Szintillations‐Spektrometrie