Liquid Spray Dielectric Barrier Discharge Induced Plasma–Chemical Vapor Generation for the Determination of Lead by ICPMS

Abstract

In the present study, a novel and sensitive liquid spray dielectric barrier discharge induced plasma-chemical vapor generation technique (LSDBD-CVG) is developed for the determination of lead concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The dissolved Pb is readily converted to volatile species by LSDBD plasma induced chemical processes in the presence of 5% (v/v) formic acid in a supporting electrolyte (HCl, 0.01 mol L). In this LSDBD approach, the sample solution is converted to aerosol and simultaneously mixed with the DBD plasma generated at the nozzle of a pneumatic nebulizer, which greatly facilitates Pb vapor generation because of the enhanced interaction of sprayed analytes and the plasma. Optimal conditions for LSDBD-CVG were identified, and the interference effects from other metal ions were assessed. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of Pb was found to be 0.003 μg L. The repeatability, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the peak height, for the five replicate measurements of 0.03 and 1 μg L lead standard, were 2.1% and 1.7%, respectively. Compared with other vapor generation methods, this new LSDBD-CVG offers several advantages including no requirement of unstable reagents, fast response, and easy coupling with flow injection, along with high tolerance for coexisting ions. The accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated by successful analysis of Pb in reference material of stream sediment (GBW07311), soil (GBW07403), basalt (BCR-2), and simulated water sample (GBW08601). The proposed LSDBD-CVG extends the scope of elements accessible by plasma-CVG and provides an alternative efficient green approach for the vapor generation of Pb.

RETRACTED: Discharge characteristic and flow control experiment for pneumatic actuator of dielectric barrier discharge multistage plasma

“…[29][30][31][32] Accordingly, the theoretical computation formula for the body force can be deduced, and the body force obtained thereby is compared with the body force measured by the electronic analytical balance for relevant analysis. [7][8][9] In order to solve the problem that the induced airflow velocity can be only measured by a single point but cannot be measured continuously, the Gaussian fitting operation is implemented for the velocity distribution in order to find the body force. [10][11][12] The change rule of the induced airflow velocity and the body force along with the actuation parameters (actuation voltage, actuation frequency, actuator distribution, etc.)…”

“…For example, how to deeply understand the momentum characteristics of the pneumatic actuation of the plasma to realize greater momentum injection of the airflow and accordingly generate the effective actuation becomes the research hotspot widely. [6][7][8][9][10][11] The induced airflow velocity and the body force are not only the two important factors of the momentum characteristics but also the key points for improving the flow control capability. [12][13][14][15][16] However, the airflow velocity induced by the pneumatic actuation of the dielectric barrier discharge plasma is maximally set as 8 m/s, and the body force is only several millinewton to less than hundred millinewton, which restrains the action range and the actuation effect of the pneumatic actuation of the plasma, and the physical mechanism that restrains the improvement of the induced airflow velocity and the body force is still not clearly defined.…”

Photochemical Vapor Generation of Tellurium: Synergistic Effect from Ferric Ion and Nano-TiO2

“…Thus, the potential risks of humans exposing to tellurium are increasing. Due to unique feature of Te to form volatile species, photochemical vapor generation (PVG) is emerging as a promising analytical tool for its determination. − PVG utilizes free radicals as reductants, which is generated by photodecomposition of low molecular weight organic compounds (LMWOCs). , PVG can efficiently separate analyte from troublesome sample matrix and provide a very simple and green procedure for chemical vapor generation. − However, the low PVG generation efficiency of Te often limits its wide application in environmental samples with trace Te levels. , …”

Alternating-Current-Driven Microplasma for Multielement Excitation and Determination by Optical-Emission Spectrometry

“…On the other hand, the number density of ground state atoms ( N 0 ) is another significant factor that influences emission intensity. A previous study had proved that liquid-spray-discharge-induced plasma can be used as a kind of novel vapor-generation technique . Some volatile species (probably hydrides) are generated through the microplasma.…”